The paper argues that suffering is an aversive/negative subjective mental state originally inferred in animals, by humans, using an anthropomorphic interpretation of an animal’s situation, and the consequences of that situation on the animal’s behaviour or physical state. Over the last half century, developments in the field of animal welfare science have provided a substantial body of data abo...

sustainability is a concept that emphasizes substantially on investments conservation (natural, social and economic) toward intra-generation equity. when sustainable development is achieved an overlapping is created between ecological, economic and social classes. the goal of this study is to measure and evaluate watershed sustainability. in order to evaluate sustainability in zidasht basin 1, ...

As part of recent reforms of the welfare programs in the U.S., many states and localities have refocused their Welfare-to-Work programs from an emphasis on human capital acquisition (i.e., providing basic education and vocational training) to an emphasis on “work-first,” (i.e., moving welfare recipients into unsubsidized employment as quickly as possible. This change in emphasis has been motiva...

Interest in behavioral economics has grown in recent years, stimulated largely by accumulating evidence that the standard model of consumer decision making provides an inadequate, positive description of human behavior. Behavioral models are increasingly finding their way into policy evaluation, which inevitably involves welfare analysis. No consensus concerning the appropriate standards and cr...

Sentience involves having some degree of awareness but awareness of self is not as complex as some people believe. Fully functioning vertebrate animals, and some invertebrates, are sentient but neither humans nor non-humans are sentient early in development or if brain-damaged. Feelings are valuable adaptive mechanisms and an important part of welfare but are not all of welfare so the term welf...

Despite the recent attention to the prevalence of parental substance use disorders among the families in child welfare services, there are few national data on the number of children in foster care due to parental substance use disorders. Studies that have examined the prevalence of substance abuse among the child welfare population have found widely varying rates. Estimates range from 40% to 8...

The promotion of human welfare is undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges of economic development. To achieve this, many developing countries adopted trade liberalisation in the late 1980s, premised on the theoretical evidence based on the definitive Heckscher-Ohlin theory which predicts gains for the poor. The empirical support for this theory, however, is at best mixed. This paper employs ...

predictivity by Andrew Knight, Jarrod Bailey and Jonathan Balcombe, which received the Animal Welfare Poster Award from Deutscher Tierschutzbund (the German Animal Welfare Federation) at the 5th World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, Berlin, 25 August 2005. Reproduced with permission from the complete paper: Knight, A., Bailey, J., Balcombe, J. (2006). Animal carcin...