Crystallography provides unique information about the arrangement of water molecules near protein surfaces. Using a nonredundant set of 2818 protein crystal structures with a resolution of better than 1.8 Å, the extent and structure of the hydration shell of all 20 standard amino-acid residues were analyzed as function of the residue conformation, secondary structure and solvent accessibility. ...

BACKGROUND The clinical efficacy of furosemide administration in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains uncertain. This meta-analysis was designed to update data on the incidence of CIN with additional furosemide treatment beyond saline hydration in comparison with hydration alone in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). MATERIAL/METHODS A computerized l...

Proteins from halophilic microorganisms thriving at high salinity have an excess of charged carboxylate groups, and it is widely believed that this gives rise to an exceptionally strong hydration that stabilizes these proteins against unfolding and aggregation. Here, we examine this hypothesis by characterizing the hydration dynamics of a halophilic model protein with frequency- and temperature...

Time-dependent hydration process of Portland cement presents a complex system with several uncertainties. A presented four-parametric affinity hydration model captures well the hydration kinetics when three parameters are treated as fuzzy numbers. The equations for the fuzzy affinity hydration model are derived using Zadeh’s extension principle, which allows for simplifying calculations to obta...

Silicate hydration is prevalent in natural and technological processes, such as, mineral weathering, glass alteration, zeolite syntheses and cement hydration. Tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5), the main constituent of Portland cement, is amongst the most reactive silicates in water. Despite its widespread industrial use, the reaction of Ca3SiO5 with water to form calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H) s...

In this study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of four skin care products indicated for skin hydration (Aqua Therapy and Perfecta), skin aging (Unica Resurfacing Therapy) and sensitive skin (Comfort Therapy), in four groups of 7 volunteers with different skin types. These products belong to four skin care ranges (Aqua, Perfecta, Unica and Comfort) and are formulated with a specific combinat...

Microstructure development and the kinetics of hydration of pure tricalcium silicate (C3S) and CaCl2-accelerated C3S pastes were investigated by performing isothermal calorimetry and in situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements on parallel specimens during the first few days of hydration, as well as on 28-day old specimens hydrated under the same curing conditions (water/cement ra...

Seeds of Aster kantoensis Kitamura (Compositae) were experimentally exposed to different cycles of hydration and dehydration: 3H1D (cycles of 3-d hydration and 1-d dehydration periods), 2H3D, 2H1D, 1H3D, 1H2D, and 1H1D. Under continuous hydration (control), all viable seeds germinated within 9 d. However, all viable seeds exposed to the 3H1D, 2H3D, and 2H1D cycles germinated within 36, 50, and ...

The calculation of the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of hydration of ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, water, methanol, dimethyl ether, hydrogen sulfide, methanthiol, and dimethylsulfide is presented to illustrate the usefulness of the enthalpy and entropy of solvation in studying microscopic phenomena affecting the thermodynamics of the hydration of simple organic...

Water that remains unfrozen at temperatures below the equilibrium bulk freezing temperature, in the presence of ice, is sometimes called unfreezable or bound. This paper analyses the phenomenon in terms of quantitative measurements of the hydration interaction among membranes or macromolecules at freezing temperatures. These results are related to analogous measurements in which osmotic stress ...