In this document we develop a non-linear, stochastic and integer model for the problem of determining the optimal hourly schedule of power generation in a hydrothermal power system. We consider a power generation system comprising thermal and hydro units and the problem concerns the scheduling of operation levels for all power units and considering the hydro constrains, such that the operation ...

The visual examination of downstream faces of hydro dams is an important component in their monitoring. Few computer vision algorithms exist for this task. Some of them aim to detect and evaluate concrete cracks using edge detection. Other problems can also affect hydro-dams, as roughness, scratches, and can lead in time to surface deterioration. These are not currently reliably addressed by im...

BACKGROUND Electronic "cigarettes" are marketed to tobacco users as potential reduced exposure products (PREP), albeit with little information regarding electronic cigarette user toxicant exposure and effects. This information may be obtained by adapting clinical laboratory methods used to evaluate other PREPs for smokers. METHODS Thirty-two smokers participated in four independent Latin-squa...

The human demand for electricity and fresh water is ever increasing. Due to the nature of hydropower and its economic, social, and environmental benefits, hydropower will be an important contributor to the energy mix of the future. Isolated areas, severely underdeveloped regions, disaster-stricken zones, and remote military outposts have one common need: readily available and efficient means of...

[i] Ecosystems driven by hydro-climatic fluctuations at different time scales can be interpreted as non-equilibrium dynamical systems. Here we explore the propagation of daily and interannual rainfall fluctuations through the soilplant system using the theory of superstatistics. With the help of simplified stochastic models of rainfall, we show how interactions of daily and interannual rainfall...

We study the evolution of an embedded protoplanet in a circumstellar disk using the 3D-Radiation Hydro code TRAMP, and treat the thermodynamics of the gas properly in three dimensions. The primary interest of this work lies in the demonstration and testing of the numerical method. We show how far numerical parameters can influence the simulations of gap opening. We study a standard reference mo...

On the basis of the state–space method (SSM), a novel linear mathematical model of the unsteady flow for the tailrace system with an open channel is proposed. This novel model is an elastic linearized model of water hammer. The validity of the model has been verified by several examples of numerical simulation, which are based on a finite difference technique. Then, the complete mathematical mo...

The Pacific Gas and Electric Company, the largest investor-owned energy utility in the United States, obtains a significant fraction of its electric energy and capacity from hydrogeneration. Although hydro provides valuable flexibility, it is subject to usage limits and must be carefully scheduled. In addition, the amount of energy available from hydro varies widely from year to year, depending...

How multiple stressors influence fish stock dynamics is a crucial question in ecology in general and in fisheries science in particular. Using time-series covering a 30 yr period, we show that the body growth of the central Baltic Sea herring Clupea harengus, both in terms of condition and weight-at-age (WAA), has shifted from being mainly driven by hydro-climatic forces to an interspecific den...

Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) belongs the family Fagaceae, is a medicinal plant which seed flour is used to treat inflammatory and gastric ulcers by the tribes in south western Iran. The current study was done to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Q. brantii seed flour for treatment of gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in Wistar rats. The hydro-alcoholic extract of Q. bran...