This study offers new evidence on the effects of the matching contributions made by employers to 401(k) plan accounts on plan participation rates, exploiting microdata from the National Compensation Survey, a large, nationally representative, establishment dataset. It addresses the potential endogeneity of the matching contributions by employing coworker and labor market characteristics as inst...

Carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) are intensively studied to provide cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of CO in inflammatory conditions including intestinal inflammation. The water-soluble CORM-A1 reduced apoptosis and NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/cycloheximide (CHX) in mouse MODE-K intestinal epith...

New voluntary individual savings accounts have been proposed by some as a part of, or in addition to, Social Security. The success of these proposals would depend greatly on how many workers participate. This paper compares participation rates in three existing voluntary individual account-type plans--Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), 401(k)s, and the federal Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)--to ...

The effects of potassium fertilizer (K2SO4) levels K0, (0), K1,(150) and K2,(250 kg/ha) in two species of Brassica napus (Hyola 401 Hybrid) and Brassica juncea (landrace cultivar), under three irrigation regimes, control (irrigation after 50%,), moderate stress, (irrigation after 70%), and severe stress (irrigation after 90% soil water depletion) were studied in a factorial experiment laid out ...

a DTU Aqua-National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Marine Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund Slot, Jægersborg Allé 1, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark b Department of Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada c Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, C...

This paper analyzes the effects of employment risk and vesting rules on the substitution between 401(k)s and conventional savings. Nearly two-thirds of 401(k) plans include vesting rules, which stipulate a partial or complete forfeiture of employer-matched contributions in the event of a job loss that occurs before a service requirement is met. We characterize this risk by simulating a stochast...

In this paper, we use the instrumental quantile regression approach developed in Chernozhukov and Hansen (2001) to examine the effects of 401(k) plans on wealth using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Using 401(k) eligibility as an instrument for 401(k) participation, we estimate the quantile treatment effects of participation in a 401(k) plan on several measures of weal...

Defined contribution plans, predominantly 401(k)s, are the primary source of personal retirement savings for American workers, making the investment decisions within these accounts a salient policy concern. These decisions are a result of two separate actions: the mutual fund options selected by the employer’s plan administrator and the specific funds chosen by the participant. While considerab...