Systemic ketosis was induced in first-parity gilts by the isocaloric substitution of glucose with 1,3-butylene glycol to supply 20% of the total dietary energy beginning on d 23 (23 BG) or d 60 (60 BG) of gestation. Ketosis reduced (P less than .05) maternal plasma glucose, urea N and insulin concentrations. Fetal carcass dry matter and carcass glycogen contents were reduced (P less than .05) b...

Impaired mitochondrial function often results in excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is involved in the etiology of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Moderate levels of mitochondrial ROS, however, can protect against chronic disease by inducing upregulation of mitochondrial capacity and endogenous an...

The current concept of fatty acid metabolism involves the formation of acetyl CoAl and the condensation of acetyl CoA with oxalacetate upon entrance into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Therefore, a sufficient amount of oxalacetic acid is necessary for the complete oxidation of fatty acids via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and, if sufficient oxalacetic acid is not present., ketosis results. Previ...

Metabolic disorders in animals are one of the most important problems in modern cattle production. The paper presents results characterising the functional state of the liver in dairy cows with clinical ketosis. The study was conducted on 17 Holstein cows (9 of them were clinically healthy with negative test for ketone bodies in urine and 8 with positive test) in their second to fourth lactatio...

BACKGROUND Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and restored by vitamin C administration, implicating a causative role for oxidant stress. Hyperglycemia per se attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy subjects. Accordingly, this study investigated whether impaired endothelium-dependent vasod...

BACKGROUND Since hyperglycemia-induced cellular dysfunction could be associated with alterations of the immune system, we tested the hypothesis that hyperglycemia augments the aberrant immune responses such as inflammation and differentiation of CD4(+) T lymphocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and induces alterations of microbiota both under physiological and pathological conditions. ...

BACKGROUND The mechanism of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) in alleviating drug-resistant epilepsy is unknown but may be related to systemic ketosis induced under this treatment. The need for frequent measurement of systemic ketosis, which is essential for improving maintenance of the KD in patients and for studying mechanism of the KD action, has prompted us to validate the br...

Introduction Diabetes mellitus till recently has beeen divided into two main types-the 'juvenile' and 'maturity onset'-on the basis of the age at onset, bodyweight, susceptibility to ketosis and response to insulin and oral therapy. Lawrence (1951) described a rare variety of lipo-atrophic diabetes characterized by earlier age of onset, loss of subcutaneous fat, rarity of ketosis and high insul...

organic acid occur as physiologic intermediates in variety of intracellular metabolic pathways, such as catabolism of aminoacid, mitochondrial β oxidation of fatty acids, tricarboxilic acid cycle, and cholestrol and fatty acid biosynthesis. the classical organic aciduria represent the pursuit of abnormalities of aminoacid degradation beyond deamination their diagnostic hallmark is an accumulati...