Glomerular hyperfiltration in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats may be mediated by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). We wanted to evaluate plasma levels of ANP and plasma volume in relation to renal ANP receptor density and affinity in rats 6 weeks after induction of diabetes. Plasma levels of immunoreactive ANP were significantly higher in hyperglycemic diabetic (75.2 +/- 8.3 pg...

The influence of hyperglycemia on the microvascular blood perfusion of pancreatic islet isografts of Syrian golden hamsters was analyzed by direct visualization of the islet's microvasculature by means of in vivo fluorescence microscopy. The experiments were performed using the hamster dorsal skinfold preparation, which allows for quantitative analysis of the microcirculation of islets grafted ...

The anti-diabetic activity of camel milk in type 1 diabetics is attributed to the significant amounts of insulin / insulin like activity present in it. However, evidence for the anti-diabetic activity of camel milk is scanty and equivocal. This study evaluated the anti-hyperglycemic effect of camel milk using drug (Streptozotocin) and diet (high sucrose) induced rat models for diabetes / insuli...

OBJECTIVE One of the major complications during prolonged hyperglycemic condition is the onset of the so-called diabetic neuropathy, that can affect the peripheral nervous system. Evidence has reported that glucose-induced oxidative stress could be a key mediator in this process, impairing the cytoskeletal structures, such as microtubules. In general, much attention is paid to the possible nitr...

Many bacteria regulate the expression of virulence factors via carbon catabolite responsive elements. In Gram-positive bacteria, the predominant mediator of carbon catabolite repression is the catabolite control protein A (CcpA). Hyperglycemia is a widespread disorder that predisposes individuals to an array of symptoms and an increased risk of infections. In hyperglycemic individuals, the bact...

Hyperglycemia severely impairs the outcome from cerebral ischemia. In order to sort out whether impaired brain ion homeostasis contributes extracellular "K+], [Ca++], and [H+] concentrations, [K+]e, [Ca++]e and [H+]e, of the brain cortex, as well as the EEG, were monitored during and after 10 minutes of complete cerebral ischemia in normo- and hyperglycemic rats. In both groups, the EEG-activit...

Ferrets are an important emerging model of cystic fibrosis related diabetes. However, there is little documented experience in the use of advanced techniques to quantify aspects of diabetes pathophysiology in the ferret. Glycemic clamps are the gold standard technique to assess both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in humans and animal models of diabetes. We therefore sought to develop...

Hypoxic stimulation of the carotid body receptors (CBR) results in a rapid hyperglycemia with an increase in brain glucose retention. Previous work indicates that neurohypophysectomy inhibits this hyperglycemic response. Here, we show that systemic arginine vasopressin (AVP) induced a transient, but significant, increase in blood glucose levels and increased brain glucose retention, a response ...

Tea, a beverage consumed worldwide, has proven anti-hyperglycemic effects in animal models. Better efficacies of tea beverages are frequently associated with high-dose levels, whose safety attracts considerable attention. Based on the inherent nature of tea catechin oxidation, fresh tea leaves are manufactured into diverse tea types by modulating the oxidation degree of catechins. The present s...

This article is aimed at providing a practical up-to-date review of the precipitating factors, diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of hyperglycemic emergencies (diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) to assist critical care physicians and hospitalists caring for these patients. Limitations of various guidelines include implementation in settings with a...