BACKGROUND Hypophosphatasia (HP) is characterized by a genetic defect in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene and predominantly an autosomal recessive trait. HP patients suffer from reduced bone mineralization. Biochemically, elevated concentrations of substrates of TNSALP, including pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and inorganic pyrophosphate occur in serum, tissues and urine. The l...

We propose a new distributed scheduling scheme for guaranteeing quality of service(QoS) in WSNs. We first introduce the two multi-hop delay factors which can be caused by conventional TDMA scheduling;queueing delay and the delay by random link schedule. Next, this paper drives average end-toend delay of the proposed scheduling scheme that sequentially schedules the slots on the path and the con...

We study the distribution of a path duration in multi-hop wireless networks. We show that as the number of hops along a path increases, the path duration distribution can be accurately approximated by an exponential distribution under a set of mild conditions, even when the link duration distributions are not identical.

The success of transparent optical transport networks depends on the availability of optical cross-connect nodes (OXNs) that induce minimal impairments on the signals they cross-connect. This should extend the possible coverage and flexibility of path restoration within a meshed network topology by raising the upper bound on the achievable optical hop (traversable OXNs) number. We provide a bri...