Earthworms affect nitrogen cycling directly through the consumption and assimilation of organic N and the turnover of N through excretion and mortality. Although earthworms can process large quantities of organic matter, organic-matter consumption by earthworms based on their nitrogen requirements has not been quanti®ed. Organic-matter consumption and the ef®ciency of nitrogen assimilation by e...

Social bees and other insects are frequently parasitized by a large range of different microorganisms. Among these is Crithidia bombi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a common gut parasite of bumblebees, Bombus spp. (Insecta: Apidae). Bumblebees are important pollinators in commercial and natural environments. There are clear detrimental effects of C. bombi infections on the fitness of bumbl...

background and aims: tribulus terrestris fruit, leaf, and root have medical effects in the treatment of cancer, viral infections and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. the present study was aimed to evaluate the quercetin flavonoid levels from different parts of the tribulus terrestris collected from different regions of khuzestan in 2014. methods: in this experimental study, four parts of ...

Tribulus terrestris (family Zygophyllaceae), commonly referred to as Gokshur or Gokharu puncture vine, has long been used in both Indian and Chinese medicine systems treat various ailments. Its components contain a variety of chemicals that are important for healing, such flavonoids, flavonol glycosides, steroidal saponins, alkaloids. Contains diuretic, aphrodisiac, antiurolithic, immunomodulat...

Bombus terrestris, commonly known as the buff-tailed bumblebee, is native to Europe, parts of Africa and Asia. It is commercially bred for use as a pollinator of greenhouse crops. Larvae pupate within a silken cocoon that they construct from proteins produced in modified salivary glands. The amino acid composition and protein structure of hand drawn B. terrestris, silk fibres was investigated t...