Three experiments were conducted to examine whether spatial iconicity affects semantic-relatedness judgments. Subjects made speeded decisions with regard to whether members of a simultaneously presented word pair were semantically related. In Experiment 1, the words were presented one above the other. In the experimental pair, the words denoted parts of larger objects (e.g., ATTIC-BASEMENT). Th...

Much is known about young children's use of deictic gestures such as pointing. Much less is known about their use of other types of communicative gestures, especially iconic or symbolic gestures. In particular, it is unknown whether children can create iconic gestures on the spot to inform others. Study 1 provided 27-month-olds with the opportunity to inform a novice how to perform a task. The ...

Abstract Recent years have seen a shift in the social scientific study of introduced species. Social scientists shown that popular interpretations vary beyond critical, invasive frameworks and include more celebratory or welcoming responses. Yet this research has taken form case studies. This limited comparative inquiry. In response, article develops typology sociocultural responses to species ...