the purpose of the present study is developing “working memory training software”, and investigating the efficacy of this computerized cognitive training on students working memory. this study is in r&d; research category, and it is performed in a semi-experimental design. its data were collected from students of the third grade (30), fourth grade (30), and fifth grade (12) of primary school. t...

objective : in this study, the effects of estradiol valerate and raloxifenea selective estrogen receptor modulator; (serm) on morphine induced sensitization were examined in mice memory, according to the step-down passive avoidance task. method: the mice received morphine or estradiol and raloxifene for three days alone or in combination with morphine. after a drug free period of 5 days, the su...

objective(s): there is controversial evidence about the effect of methamphetamine (meth) on spatial memory. we tested the time- dependent effects of meth on spatial short-term (working) and long-term (reference) memory in meth –sensitized and withdrawn rats in the morris water maze. materials and methods: rats were sensitized to meth (2 mg/kg, daily/5 days, sc). rats were trained in water maze ...

ARIS is an iconic interface that enables users to relocate applications and redirect input in an interactive workspace. We compared the use of ARIS to a text-based and virtual paths (VP) interface for relocating applications and redirecting input. Results showed that the iconic interface was more effective than the text-based interface and almost as effective as the VP interface. Since the use ...

This exploratory study examines the impact of iconic graphics on the domain understanding developed by participants when reading entityrelationship diagrams (ERDs). Cognitive Load Theory and the related Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning are used to hypothesize that iconic graphics provide additional visual information resulting in more complete mental models for knowledge construction of ...

Beyond conveying objective content about objects and actions, what can co-speech iconic gestures reveal a speaker’s subjective relationship to that content? The present study explores this question by investigating how gesture viewpoints inform listener’s construal of agency. Forty native English speakers watched videos an actor uttering sentences with different viewpoints—that low agency or hi...

Introduction: Recent studies suggest that glucocorticoids modulate memory reconsolidation. Moreover, cholinergic system is involved in memory reconsolidation. Since glucocorticoids interact with brain cholinergic system in modulating memory processing, we investigated whether glucocorticoid influences on the reconsolidation of emotionally arousing training depend on the cholinergic system...

Background: One of the ways for effective communication between learners and instructional multimedia content in mobile learning systems is taking advantage of characters or pedagogical agents. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the levels of realism in mobile-based pedagogical agents on health e-learning. Methods: The s...

Most of the time, humans use texts to exchange information and more recently they can add iconic faces (or smiley) to introduce emotional content. What emotions can be conveyed by iconic faces? To understand better this question we conducted an experimentation in which we asked participants to interpret a set of iconic faces by selecting an emotion in a proposed list of faces. Results indicated...