Hesperetin (Hst) is a well-known bioflavonoid, has low bioavailability. Hesperetin nanoparticles (Nano-Hst) enhance its bioavailability. Nano-Hst were not explored for their potential therapeutic activities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hence, the present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of Nano-Hst in comparison to free Hesperetin on against intracerebroventricular in...

The effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of beta-amyloid peptide fragments Abeta[15-25], Abeta[25-35], and Abeta[35-25] were examined on synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 region in vivo. Rats were anesthetized using urethan, and changes in synaptic efficacy were determined from the slope of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). B...

Freir, Darragh B., Christian Holscher, and Caroline E. Herron. Blockade of long-term potentiation by b-amyloid peptides in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus in vivo. J Neurophysiol 85: 708–713, 2001. The effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of b-amyloid peptide fragments Ab[15–25], Ab[25–35], and Ab[35–25] were examined on synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP)...

Takeuchi, Kazuhiko, Noriyuki Miyata, Marija Renic, David R. Harder, and Richard J. Roman. Hemoglobin, NO, and 20-HETE interactions in mediating cerebral vasoconstriction following SAH. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R84–R89, 2006. First published September 15, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00445.2005.—Recent studies have indicated that 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) contribu...

AMPA receptor antagonists disrupt avoidance responding, but their day-to-day effect on this behavior has not been elucidated. This study compared the multisession effect of the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist CNQX with that of the typical antipsychotic haloperidol on the expression of avoidance responding. Rats (N = 199) were trained to move to safety on presentation of a tone in one-way activ...

Angiotensin II (AngII) plays a key role in maintaining body fluid homeostasis. The physiological and behavioral effects of central AngII include increased blood pressure and fluid intake. In vitro experiments demonstrate that repeated exposure to AngII reduces the efficacy of subsequent AngII, and behavioral studies indicate that prior icv AngII administration reduces the dipsogenic response to...

The baroreflex response is an essential component of the cardiovascular regulation that buffers abrupt changes in blood pressure to maintain homeostasis. Urotensin II (UII) and its receptor UT are present in the brain and in peripheral cardiovascular tissues of fish and mammals. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of UII in these vertebrates provokes hypertension and tachycardia, suggesting...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of α2-adrenergic agonist (xylazine) andantagonist (yohimbine) on phasic pain during estrous cycle in female rats. adult female rats weighing 180-220 g were kept under controlled temperature (21-24°c) and light/dark conditions (light on at 6:00 a.m. and light off at 6:00 p.m.). animals were divided into four groups: 1) control group whic...

Background and Objective: Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) causes cognitive impairment in rats. The beneficial effect of saffron main component, safranal was investigated on ICV STZ-induced learning, memory, and cognitive impairment in male rats. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, rats were injected with ICV STZ bilaterally, on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg). The ST...

Pregnancy in rats is associated with hyperphagia, increased fat deposition, and elevated plasma leptin concentrations. Elevated leptin would be expected to inhibit food intake, but hypothalamic leptin resistance develops around midpregnancy, allowing hyperphagia to be maintained and excess energy to be stored as fat in preparation for future metabolic demands of lactation. To investigate the ho...