Lack of information is a constraint but ignorance can sometimes assist the evolution of cooperation by constraining selfishness. We discuss examples involving both ignorance of role or pay-off and ignorance of relatedness. Ignorance can favour cooperative traits like grouping and warning coloration and reduce conflicts from meiotic drive, imprinting, greenbeards and various forms of nepotism.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Danish textual news satire constructs its social critique the many Facebook users whose comments during COVID-19 imitate expert statements in disregard authoritative health science statements. Since outbreak COVID-19, UNESCO has proclaimed a disinfodemic emotive narrative and pseudo-science on internet especially media. As with ruling Party’s para...

For α, β, n ordinals α → (β, n) means that any graph on the ordinal α either contains an independent set of order-type β or a complete subgraph of order-type n. We only consider cases where n is a natural number, hence the naming. The partition relation α → (β, n) for α, β finite multiples of κ where κ = ω or κ is weakly compact is characterized by a finitary problem as is the same for α, β fin...