We show a novel lattice-based scheme (PairTRU) which is a non-commutative variant of the NTRU. The original NTRU is defined via the ring of quotient with variable in integers and this system works in the ring R = Z[x] . We extend this system over Z× Z and it performs all of operations in the non-commutative ring M = M(k,Z×Z)[x] <(Ik×k,Ik×k)x−(Ik×k,Ik×k)> , where M is a matrix ring of k ×...

Two components of the outward K+ currents (Ik) of cells isolated from the circular layer of human jejunum were investigated using the conventional whole-cell voltage clamp method. A fast transient Ik component could only be elicited by depolarization in cells dialysed with pipette solution of pCa < 7.4. This Ik component was strongly voltage dependent, and could be selectively abolished by 30 m...

An in vivo experimental strategy, involving cardiac-specific expression of a mutant Kv 2.1 subunit that functions as a dominant negative, was exploited in studies focused on exploring the role of members of the Kv2 subfamily of pore-forming (a) subunits in the generation of functional voltage-gated K channels in the mammalian heart. A mutant Kv2.1 a subunit (Kv2.1N216) was designed to produce a...

Inverse kinematics (IK) problems are important in the study of robotics and have found applications in other fields such as structural biology. The conventional formulation of IK in terms of joint parameters amounts to solving a system of nonlinear equations, which is considered to be very hard for general chains, especially for those with many links. In this paper, we study IK for a serial cha...

BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with coronary arteriolar endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the role of the small/intermediate (SK(Ca)/IK(Ca)) conductance of calcium-activated potassium channels in diabetes-related endothelial dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Coronary arterioles (80 to 150 μm in diameter) were dissected from discarded right atrial tissues of diabetic (glycosylated hem...

Background outward K+ currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes were characterized over a broad range of membrane potentials, including those corresponding to the plateau of the action potential. The background current that is blocked by 1 mM Ba2+ (IK,p) activates within 5 msec at positive potentials, does not inactivate, and deactivates very rapidly on repolarization. IK,p is insensitive to ...

1. With the use of the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp method, three types of voltage-activated ionic currents were examined in isolated neurons of the snail Helix pomatia: high-threshold Ca2+ current (ICa), high-threshold Ca(2+)-dependent K+ current (IK(Ca)) and high-threshold K+ current independent of Ca2+ (IK(V)). 2. The effect of bath application of the nootropics piracetam and a novel pir...

Parasympathetic slowing of the heart rate is predominantly mediated by acetylcholine-dependent activation of the G protein-gated potassium (K+) channel (IK,ACh). This channel is composed of 2 inward-rectifier K+ (Kir) channel subunits, Kir3.1 and Kir3.4, that display distinct functional properties. Here we show that subunit composition of IK,ACh changes during embryonic development. At early st...

The mushroom body of the insect brain is an important locus for olfactory information processing and associative learning. The present study investigated the biophysical properties of Kenyon cells, which form the mushroom body. Current- and voltage-clamp analyses were performed on cultured Kenyon cells from honeybees. Current-clamp analyses indicated that Kenyon cells did not spike spontaneousl...

Three kinetically distinct Ca2+-independent depolarization-activated K+ currents in callosal-projecting rat visual cortical neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2309-2320, 1997. Whole cell, Ca2+-independent, depolarization-activated K+ currents were characterized in identified callosal-projecting (CP) neurons isolated from postnatal day 7-16 rat primary visual cortex. CP neurons were identified in vit...