The analytical and statistical services of border management organizations in Central and Eastern European countries have registered and accumulated a vast body of knowledge on the demographics and mechanisms of illegal migration over the last one-and-a-half decade. This paper attempts to tap this resource by summarising the results of a yearly survey among border guards of 17 countries. A set ...

OBJECTIVES To analyze and to compare clinical repercussions of accidents involving legally and illegally commercialized household sanitizers in children under 7 years of age. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data from electronic database of a regional Poison Control Center during one year. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive non-parametric statistics and...

conclusions the current study showed significant association between the rosenberg self-esteem test results and smoking, and illegal drug abuse like heroin, pills, alcohol, nas, and other substances. therefore, increasing self-esteem is essential for preventing the adolescents’ emotional and behavioral disorders. this fact could guide us to the new approaches for smoking and drug-abuse preventi...

Internationally, illegal drug use remains a major public health problem. In response, many countries have begun to shift their illegal drug policies away from enforcement and towards public health objectives. Recently, both the Global Commission on Drug Policy and the Supreme Court of Canada have endorsed this change in direction, supporting empirically sound illegal drug policies that reduce c...

The stigma associated with illegal drug use is nearly universal, but each drug is associated with its own specific level of stigma. This study examined level of stigmatization towards users of various illegal drugs and determined what variables explain such attitudes. A sample of emerging adults (age 18 to 25) was surveyed throughout New York City (N = 1021) and lifetime use, level of exposure ...

The use of software in violation of applicable licensing agreements and copyright laws are reaching endemic proportions. One population cluster strongly linked to illegal software acts is the university student. While some research is available on patterns of illegal software use for non-monetary gain (softlifting) under residential student populations, a dearth of information exists on student...

the last three decades the national and international framework for the protection of the natural environment has evolved rapidly. Charles Schmidt's excellent article (Schmidt 2004) in this issue shows that as national and international legislation has expanded, so too have the opportunities to evade it. International environmental crime—the deliberate evasion of environmental laws and regulati...