Abstract This longitudinal study explored the roles of item- and learner-related variables in L2 learners’ development productive collocation knowledge (L1 = Dutch; German; N Learners 50). Learners’ form recall 35 target collocations was measured three times over a 3-year period. The item-related investigated were L1-L2 congruency, corpus frequency, association strength, imageability. We also p...

Building façade colors play an important role in influencing urban imageability, attraction and citizens’ experience. However, the relations between street functions building color distribution, harmony diversity have not been thoroughly examined. We obtained dominant of façades Changning District, Shanghai, utilizing Baidu view images, image semantic segmentation technology K-means algorithm. ...

The extent to which meaning is involved in reading aloud has proven an area of longstanding debate, and current computational models differ on this dimension. The connectionist triangle model proposes that normal individuals rely on semantic information for correct reading of words with atypical spelling-sound relationships, but to varying degrees. This proposed individual difference would acco...

Knowledge on the patterns of repetition amongst individuals who develop language deficits in association with right hemisphere lesions (crossed aphasia) is very limited. Available data indicate that repetition in some crossed aphasics experiencing phonological processing deficits is not heavily influenced by lexical-semantic variables (lexicality, imageability, and frequency) as is regularly re...

The pronunciation of irregular words in deep orthographies like English cannot be specified by simple rules. On the other hand, the fact that novel letter strings can be pronounced seems to imply the existence of such rules. These facts motivate dual-route models of word naming, which postulate separate lexical (whole-word) and non-lexical (rule-based) mechanisms for accessing phonology. We use...

Reading is an essential part of contemporary society, yet much is still unknown about the physiological underpinnings of its information processing components. Two influential cognitive models of reading, the connectionist and dual-route cascaded models, offer very different accounts, yet evidence for one or the other remains equivocal. These models differ in several ways, including the role of...