in the fourth verse of the chapter tariq, human soul has been known to have a guard. commentators, however, have presented different views knowing human soul and its guard respectively as: 1- human spirit and divine angles, 2- all creatures and god, 3- animal power and human spirit. as one of the fundamental causes for disagreement lies in the philosophical tendencies of the commentators, this ...

iii Preface Applied Mathematics: Body&Soul is a mathematics education reform program including a series of books, together with associated educational material and open source software freely available from the project web page at www.bodysoulmath.org. Body&Soul reflects the revolutionary new possibilities of mathematical modeling opened by the modern computer in the form of Computational Calcu...

The roots of cognitive science go as far back as those of philosophy. One way of defining cognitive science is to say that it is just naturalised philosophy. Much of contemporary thinking about the mind derives from René Descartes' distinction between the body and the soul. They were constituted of two different substances and it was only humans that had a soul and were capable of thinking. Acc...

In this paper we study the differences in historical World View between Western and Eastern cultures, represented through the English, the Chinese, Japanese, and German Wikipedia. In particular, we analyze the historical networks of the World’s leaders since the beginning of written history, comparing them in the different Wikipedias and assessing cultural chauvinism. We also identify the most ...

This article examines the teachings of several Christian and Sufi mystics on the position of reason in the spiritual life, from Al-Hallaj (d. 922) to David R. Hawkins (b. 1927). In the plethora of “maps,” “stages,” and “ladders” discussed by mystics, the level of reason is highly regarded as a “rung” of spiritual attainment. However, reason alone is not enough to transport the soul to the most ...