Directed evolution has become a powerful tool for developing enzyme and whole cell based biocatalysts. Significant recent advances include the creation of novel enzyme functions and the development of several new efficient directed evolution methods. The combination of directed evolution and rational design promises to accelerate the development of biocatalysts for applications in the pharmaceu...

Lipases have received great attention as industrial biocatalysts in areas like oils and fats processing, detergents, baking, cheese making, surface cleaning, or fine chemistry [1,2]. They can catalyse reactions of insoluble substrates at the lipid-water interface, preserving their catalytic activity in organic solvents [3]. This makes of lipases powerful tools for catalysing not only hydrolysis...

Branched-chain esters (BCEs) have found a large number of applications in cosmetics. Among them, neopentyl glycol dilaurate (NPGDL) stands out as an emollient, emulsifier, and skin-conditioning agent. This work presents the synthesis NPGDL solvent-free medium using two most common immobilized lipases: Novozym® 40086 (Rml) 435 (CalB). Results proved that former biocatalyst has lower activity cer...

The adsorption of the lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) over polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and derivatives, abundant components urban solid waste (USW), was investigated. characterization supports biocatalysts synthesized by SEM-EDS FTIR is presented. Two immobilization strategies were evaluated, conventional total adsorption. adsorbed protein determined Bradford t...

Polysaccharides synthesized by microorganisms (bacterial cellulose, dextran, pullulan, xanthan, etc.) have a set of valuable properties, such as being antioxidants, detoxifying, structuring, biodegradable, etc., which makes them suitable for variety applications. Biocatalysts are the key substances used in producing polysaccharides; therefore, modern research is focused on composition and prope...

A biocatalyst is an enzyme that speeds up or slows down the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs and certain processes by 108 times. It used as anticancer agent because it targets drug activation inside tumor microenvironment while limiting damage to healthy cells. Biocatalysts have been for synthesis of different heterocyclic compounds also in nano delivery systems. The use nano-biocatalys...

Over the years, nanostructures have been developed to enable to support enzyme usability to obtain highly selective and efficient biocatalysts for catalyzing processes under various conditions. This review summarizes recent developments in the nanostructures for enzyme supporters, typically those formed with various inorganic materials. To improve enzyme attachment, the surface of nanomaterials...

The accumulation of lactic acid in tumor tissue (15) suggests an inadequacy in the oxidative mechanism. A deficiency of one of the components of the oxidative mechanism, cytochrome c, was demonstrated in the first paper of this series (6). The present article reports the decreased activities of succinic dehydrogenase and of cytochrome oxidase in tumor tissues. These enzymes together with cytoch...