Human noroviruses are the dominant cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. These viruses are usually detected by molecular methods, including reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human noroviruses are genetically and antigenically diverse, with two main genogroups that are further subdivided into over 40 different genotypes. During the past deca...

A rapid Listeria detection method was developed utilizing A511 bacteriophage amplification combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and lateral flow immunochromatography (LFI). Anti-A511 antibodies were covalently linked to SERS nanoparticles and printed onto nitrocellulose membranes. Antibody-conjugated SERS nanoparticles were used as quantifiable reporters. In the presence of ...

OBJECTIVE To assess a new immunochromatography (ICT) test that detects glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and Clostridium difficile toxin A/B simultaneously, and to propose an algorithm for the diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI) based on this test. METHODS We analysed 970 stool samples. Discrepant results between GDH and toxin A/B were resolved using toxigenic culture as the referen...

  This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Canine parvovirus (CPV) in dogs referred to Veterinary Hospital of Ahvaz, Khouzestan province, Iran. Fecal samples were collected from 78 diarrheic dogs between 2005 and 2007. The dogs were divided into two age groups (< 6 months and > 6 months), four different breeds (Terriers, Germanshepherds, Doberman pinschers and Mixed) and another ...

BACKGROUND This study assessed the correlation between nicotine dependence and salivary cotinine levels in tobacco chewers and checked the reliability of Fagerstorm test in tobacco cessation programmes. METHODS The study sample included 75 tobacco chewers aged between 20 to 50 years. Self-reported nicotine dependence was evaluated using Fagerstorm Test for Nicotine dependence-smokeless tobacc...

Rapid immunochromatography test (RICT) kits are commonly used for the diagnosis of canine parvovirus (CPV) because their rapid turnaround time, simplicity, and ease use. However, potential cross-reactivity low sensitivity can yield false-positive or false-negative results. There 4 genotypes CPV. Therefore, evaluating performance reliability RICT CPV detection is essential to ensure accurate app...

testosterone level was determined in six different populations of iran using saliva steroid assay. significant difference was observed in morning and afternoon testosterone level of the same individual (p>0.00l) significant difference was also noticed among different regions studied (p>0.00 1). comparisons between alcoholics and nonalcoholic as well as smokers and nonsmokers showed significant ...