Both Arab and Western scholars agree that, starting in the mid-20th century, correlation of Europeans with Crusaders extrapolation term “Crusade” to modern military conflicts have become an integral part political discourse, are also widely reflected culture. The existence works examining references theme Crusades social thought, politics, culture second half 20th century contrasts almost compl...

Centers of Arabic culture and literature the Middle Ages were established in Spain. This is related to Arab expansion Iberian Peninsula, which lasted for almost eight centuries. During this time, Arabs together with Berbers, as well Arabized local Visigoths, able spread language Andalusia. In Spain, centers created. From eighth century, when settled area expanded. Cordova, Granada, Almeria, Val...

this paper reviews the elegy themes of imam hussein (as) in the epic of ‘eid ghadir’ composed by christian poet boolos salama, and begins with the introduction of the ashura literature and especially poetry surrounding imam hussein. this article talks about the laborious life of poet and his compilations especially his great islamic epic, which is famous in the field of literature, and also tal...

designating imam ali (pbuh) as the successor of the messenger of allah (pbuh) is a source of shia-sunni split. to prove it, however, shia provides arguments found in the holy qur’an, hadith (tradition), wisdom, and history. it is worth to consider works of literature on the issue as well, yet little research has been done in this respect. this issue has been dealt with in the present article. a...

debate is an independent technique  in literature that has been common among poets and writers in arabic literature for a long time. the literary genre which has been shaped based on  imitating  real debates is a hostile or friendly dialogue between parties of the debate who could be human, animal, plant, abstract concepts, natural and other elements. since this genre exists very strikingly and...

abd al-wahhab al-bayyati(1926-1999) is one of those poets whose poems make frequent use of myths. drawing on the ancient myths, and making modifications to them, he tries, while enriching his literary work, to express his views more cogently he does not simply retell the traditional myths, rather, he present new and richer interpretations of these myths and using defamiliarization, conveys his ...

death is one of the main issues in samih ghasem works; because he paid special attention to it in his works. the present paper studies his ideologies about death as well as his motivations on expressing this issue. his aesthetic view strengthens resistance spirit in his hometown fellows and causes changing in their view point on death. this article has been done in descriptive – analytic method...

Arabic poetry has changed after the advent of Islam; that poets started to adopt Islamic concepts and values create a new method rising boasting searching for metaphysical abstract. This vision was accompanied with entity elevated abstract; thus, this influenced poets’ vocabulary, methods, poetic diction. research aims uncover intellectual transformations Islam came up in their influence upon p...