STUDY DESIGN This study is a repeated measures design to measure the lumbar spine response to typical school backpack loads in healthy children. The lumbar spine in this setting was measured for the first time by an upright magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to measure the lumbar spine response to typical school backpack loads in healthy children....

The design of intersecting nodes in high-rise oblique mesh structures is a critical issue. existing research on the meshes mainly focuses plane and monotonic axial compression loads. cannot consider contribution node’s out-of-plane angle floor beam to stiffness actual structures. In this paper, numerical analysis using ABAQUS was conducted investigate mechanical performance space (OMSIN) under ...

The main objective of structural engineers through out design history has been to obtain the optimum structure under the prescribed design conditions which can not only withstand external loads safely but also achieve an economic solution. The paper focuses on the use of the fuzzy set theory to optimum design of plane truss structures. The approach is illustrated on planar truss optimization pr...

A definition of progressive collapse is offered and two examples of the phenomenon described. Attention is drawn to potential sources of abnormal loads that should be examined when designing for progressive collapse performance. A plane frame computer program is described for the collapse analysis of reinforced concrete frames using finite elements and a quasi-static approach. The paper conclud...

The optimization of complex structures involving many design variables and constraints can be performed using a multi-level approach: a structure consisting of several components is optimized as a whole (global) and on the component level (local). Earlier work [1], [2], [3], described a multilevel technique developed for the optimization the Airbus A380 vertical tail plane. In this application,...

amir kabir dam was built in varian strait, at 23 km north of karaj in 1961. the dam is multipurpose and its maim aims are the spring floods control, supplying potable water for tehran city, producing electricity and providing irrigation water. different pollutants which discharge to the river finally enter to the dam reservoir. determining the pollution loads of the dam sub-catchments can help ...

When a plane crosses the wake generated by a preceding aircraft, large dynamical loads in the order of the design loads may be induced. Loads analysis models for such wake vortex encounters need to consider aspects important for manoeuvre, as well as gust type responses. If the angle between the path and the trailing vortices is small, the encounter is manoeuvre like due to large induced roll m...

a 5th order shear deformation theory considering transverse shear deformation effect as well as transverse normal strain deformation effect is presented for static flexure   analysis of simply supported isotropic plate. the assumed displacement field accounts for non-linear variation of in-plane displacements as well as transverse displacement through the plate thickness. the condition of zero ...

Abstract In this work, an application of two noded beam finite element methodology, which is demonstrated in the previous research work for vibration analysis with a flexible joint problem, has been further extended here to investigate buckling behaviour free–free subjected in-plane compressive load. Joint modelled as rotational spring, where spring stiffness governs joint. Variation first five...