Galf n Cranz has a Masters and PhD in sociolog)' from University" of Chicago, where she specialized in the "social use of space." Since then she has taught architecture from a social and cultural point of view at Princeton University and the University' of California at Berkeley. The author of The Politics ofPniii Design (1982), she hecame interested in the problems of sustainable development i...

Unlike sidewalks, walking loops are designed specifically for uninterrupted exercise. In an era of shrinking budgets and expanding waistlines, preventive medicine physician Deborah Cohen of the RAND Corporation wanted to see whether walking loops are a good investment for park planners. After analyzing data for more than 170 parks, Cohen and colleagues found that those with walking loops had mo...

abstract urban parks are important public multifunctional space used for a wide range of activities. the usage levels of parks depend on the spatial characteristics of the spaces, where its forms and occupancies are referred as the usage-spatial relationship. natural elements spatial complexity and park usability is of interest in this study. a photo - questionnaire was conducted among 296 of p...

In the western United States, livestock grazing often co-exists with recreation, cultural resource management and biodiversity protection on federal and state protected rangelands as well as on many local government open space areas. While the value of livestock grazing for managing rangeland vegetation to reduce fire fuel loads and improve wildlife habitat is increasingly recognized by resourc...

Water parks are a rapidly growing element of the United States tourist industry. To reduce incidence of abrasion and impact injuries in such parks, designers are searching for padding materials that can withstand the harsh oxidative environments of chlorinated water. Although padded features help reduce physical injuries, they may also compromise the microbiological safety of water attractions....

INTRODUCTION Parks in disadvantaged suburbs often have low quality and few amenities, which is likely to result in them being underutilised for recreation and physical activity. Refurbishment of parks, including shade, walking paths and other amenities, may have broad health-related benefits. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study design, methods and planned analyses for a natural experiment examinin...

Urban parks beautify the environment and promote urban public health, their spatial allocation is significant in maintaining environmental justice. However, current of focuses on quantity fairness pays insufficient attention to accessibility quality fairness. This study investigated core area Beijing analyzed park based accessibility, area, quality. We used big data crawling, two-step floating ...

BACKGROUND The number of sports facilities, sports clubs, or city parks in a residential neighbourhood may affect the likelihood that people participate in sports and their preferences for a certain sports location. This study aimed to assess whether objective physical and socio-spatial neighbourhood characteristics relate to sports participation and preferences for sports locations. METHODS ...

growth and expansion of cities, modernisms complications with urbanisms life, to demands the more expantion of green space and park which is playd the influential role for improvement of condition and qualification of citizens life, with tranquility pleasure. but today, the park is the most important element in the public space, has created many difficulties for the safety of the citizens that ...

Establishing legal protection for forest areas is the most common policy used to limit forest loss. This article evaluates the effectiveness of seven Indonesian forest protected areas introduced between 1999 and 2012. Specifically, we explore how the effectiveness of these parks varies over space. Protected areas have mixed success in preserving forest, and it is important for conservationists ...