As a major source of income for retired persons in the United States, Social Security benefits directly influence economic well-being. That fact underscores the importance of measuring Social Security income accurately in household surveys. Using Social Security Administration (SSA) records, we examine Social Security income as reported in two Census Bureau surveys, the Survey of Income and Pro...

Optimality conditions and comparative static properties of the optimal Mirrleesian nonlinear income tax are obtained for a nite population and quasilinear-in-consumption preferences. Contrary to Weymark (1987) who considers quasilinear-in-leisure preferences, the linearity with respect to gross income, which is observed by the government and used as a tax base, is lost. A reduced-form optimal i...

,1LTHOT-GH 3 out of every 4 persons aged 65 or over did not work in 1962, earnings were the largest single source of income in that year for aged persons and their spouses-32 percent of their total income-according to the findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged. The next most important source of the money income of nonmarried persons aged 65 or over and married couples with one or both members ...

Individual heterogeneity is an important source of variation in demand. Allowing for general heterogeneity is needed for correct welfare comparisons. We consider general heterogenous demand where preferences and linear budget sets are statistically independent. We find that the dimension of heterogeneity and the individual demand functions are not identified. We also find that the exact consume...

BACKGROUND Immunization offers the best protection from influenza infection. Little evidence describes disparities in immunization uptake among low-income individuals. Higher rates of chronic disease put this population at increased risk of influenza-related complications. This analysis examines if the type of main source of household income in low-income groups affects influenza immunization u...

Migration by low-income workers limits the ability of a country to redistribute income, since more generous income supplements attract additional workers into the country, reducing wages and raising the cost of the program. This paper studies the role of immigration controls, which allow the government to raise the real incomes of existing immigrants without causing additional immigration. Para...

The major sources of variability in net farm income on New York dairy farms over the past 10 years are identified using Dairy Farm Business Summary records. The most important source of income variability is the fluctuation in milk prices, followed closely by year-to-year variation in the quantity of purchased feeds. These results suggest that forward pricing of milk and feed purchases may be e...

In welfare economics the relevance of income mobility has been often highlighted in order to allow for the measurement of equality of opportunity. In this paper we observe that intra and intergenerational income mobility have very few in common and, in particular, only the latter concerns with equality of opportunity. In contrast with existing literature we focus on the former not the latter, a...

This paper studies optimal investment decision under uncertainty regarding agricultural income subsidies. The approach is based on stochastic programming. Investment decision is modelled as a Markov decision process. The cost of imperfect information can be estimated as the difference between the profitability of investment under stable income subsidies and under uncertain subsidies. risk. Assu...

BACKGROUND Milk and other animal-source foods are concentrated dietary sources of macro- and micronutrients. Despite a global increase in milk production and consumption over the past decades, milk and other animal-source foods are often lacking in the diets of children in developing countries. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the importance of milk and other animal-source food intake in promoting the g...