There does not exist a general positive correlation between important life-supporting properties and the entropy production rate. The simple reason is that nondissipative and time-symmetric kinetic aspects are also relevant for establishing optimal functioning. In fact those aspects are even crucial in the nonlinear regimes around equilibrium where we find biological processing on mesoscopic sc...

Self-ligating brackets have become increasingly established in orthodontics in recent decades. While proponents haveprofessed overwhelming advantages of self-ligation, most notably a reduction in treatment time and a reduced requirement for extractions, there has been little convincing evidence to support many of these claims. In this review the evidence concerning the influence of self-ligatin...

A goal of all instruction is to efficiently allocate time spent teaching -- balancing redundancy that enhances learning with redundancy that is irrelevant to increasing student understanding. Efficient allocation of time allows the instructor to present additional material and go into more detail about the information being presented. Here we borrow laboratory research on concept formation and ...

Mechanisms are present everywhere in both business and social contexts. They govern the interactions people have with businesses, governments, and each other. One emerging trend over the past decade is a demand for higher levels of expressiveness in mechanisms that mediate interactions such as the allocation of resources, matching of peers, and elicitation of opinions. This trend has already ma...

Bluetooth is a personal wireless communication technology [2] and is being applied in many scenarios. Current existing scheduling scheme only provide best-effort service for all master-slave connection. It is very challenging to provide Efficiency parameter (Latency) support for different connection due to the feature of Master Driven TDD (Time Division Duplex). This paper addresses the issue t...

Performance Evaluation for Time Critical Systems Using Simulation as a Design Assessment Tool for a Real Time Air Traffic Control System 1 Frank R. Petroski/The MITRE Corp. A CPE Project in a Fast Transaction Processing Environment 9 Dr. Shan Barkataki/California State University A Hierarchical View of Software Development Evaluation Software Development Guidelines A Measurement Approach 15 Ann...

Two methods to improve the aperture efficiency of a type of triplate array are presented.

During a sensory discrimination task, the responses of multiple sensory neurons must be combined to generate a choice. The optimal combination of responses is determined both by their dependence on the sensory stimulus and by their cofluctuations across trials-that is, the noise correlations. Positively correlated noise is considered deleterious, because it limits the coding accuracy of populat...