the index is excellent by the malmquist index as extended to productivity measurement. the index developed here is defined in terms of input cost rather than input quantity distance functions in supply chain. therefore, we propose productivity change is decomposed into overall efficiency and cost technical change. these decompositions provide a clearer situation of the root sources of supply ch...

This paper describes a technique for automatically creating an index for handwritten notes captured as digital ink. No text recognition is performed. Rather, a dictionary of possible index terms is built by clustering groups of ink strokes corresponding roughly to words. Terms whose distribution varies significantly across note pages are selected for the index. An index page containing the inde...

Quantitative assessment of the negative environmental effects mining is vital for eco-environmental restoration and management areas. However, it remains unclear about spatial dimension influence on environment that comes from mining. Here, we constructed a new method to quantify vegetation impact activity using Sentinel-2 time series Pareto principle, applied Liaoning Nanfen iron area (LNMA), ...