Scatter factor, a stimulant of epithelial cell motility, and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) were compared by cross-biological studies using naturally occurring and recombinant proteins in four bioassays. Both scatter factor and HGF produced similar effects in cell motility and DNA synthesis assays. Antibodies to scatter factor or HGF neutralized the biological activities of each cytokine, and i...

The low cost of natural gas has driven significant interest in using C1 carbon sources (e.g. methane, methanol, CO, syngas) as feedstocks for producing liquid transportation fuels and commodity chemicals. Given the large contribution of sugar and lignocellulosic feedstocks to biorefinery operating costs, natural gas and other C1 sources may provide an economic advantage. To assess the relative ...

We measure the metallicity of the unusual hypervelocity star HE 0437–5439 from high resolution spectroscopy to be half-solar. We determine a spectral type of B2 IV-III for the star and derive an effective temperature Teff = 21,500 ± 1,000 K and a surface gravity log(g) = 3.7 ± 0.2 (cgs). We also present BV time series photometry and find the star to be non-variable at the 0.02 mag level. We ref...

When pathogens come into contact with their respective host, they immediately encounter the broad diversity of the current cellular proteome which usually consists of several thousand different proteins spanning a concentration range of at least seven orders of magnitude (Beck et al., 2011). Pathogens exploit the host, its metabolism and proteome for their own replication. The resulting expense...

Oxidative stress (OS) as a proximate mechanism for life-history trade-offs is widespread in the literature. One such resource allocation trade-off involves growth rate, and theory suggests that OS might act as both a constraint on and a cost of growth, yet studies investigating this have produced conflicting results. Here, we use meta-analysis to investigate whether increased OS levels impact o...