Today’s urban traffic network management strategies often overlook the interests of the individual road user, insufficiently consider travel choice behaviour and underestimate the importance of human psychology. Their effectiveness is at stake. This research contributes to knowledge about trade-offs between conflicting interests and objectives, by combining insights from traffic management, tra...

This thesis explores the reform of intellectual property regulation policies with respect to computer software within two advanced industrial nations after 1980. A comparative case analysis of the United States and Japan will provide insight as to how advanced industrial nations have responded to market forces, competing private interests, and international pressure for policy harmonization in ...

This issue of Journal of Medical Ethics features an “Author meets critics” discussion of Michelle Taylor-Sands’ recent book Saviour Siblings. In Saviour Siblings, Taylor-Sands departs from standard approaches to the ethics of selective reproduction that (she argues) usually focus on ‘the individual interests of the child to be born’. Instead she proposes ‘a new relational model for selective re...

Technological studies are not per se less interesting for women, but their motivation, specific interests, learning styles, goals and demands often vary significantly from those of men. Thus, an important objective is the design of new education models and materials adapted to the interests and learning strategies of women. New media and new technologies provide the potential to significantly c...

This article is the second one in a series dealing with mental health ethics in Cuba. It reports on ethical dilemmas, resources and limitations to their resolution, and recommendations for action. The data, obtained through individual interviews and focus groups with 28 professionals, indicate that Cubans experience dilemmas related to (a) the interests of clients, (b) their personal interests,...

YES I will make 2 arguments to support the idea that assisted death is in the best interests of some patients: death can sometimes be in a patient’s best interest; and capable patients are well positioned to determine when death is in their best interests. I will then argue that physicians should have a role in assisted death by reversing the premise of this debate and arguing that nobody’s int...

The motivation behind personal information agents resides in the enormous amount of information available on the Web, which has created a pressing need for effective personalized techniques. In order to assists Web search these agents rely on user profiles modeling information preferences, interests and habits that help to contextualize user queries. In communities of people with similar intere...

There are numerous benefits to the research community from data sharing, and yet the open sharing of participant level data is not without potential pitfalls. In addition to the scientific community, the interests of study participants who volunteered their data must be considered, along with the interests of study investigators who expend a substantial amount of effort into the design, conduct...

This study investigated three factors that contribute to social exclusion: group norms, individual characteristics, and stereotypes. Non-Arab American 12- and 16-year-olds (N = 199) judged their expectations about the inclusivity of Arab American and non-Arab American peer groups toward new peers characterized by: (a) different ethnic identity but similar interests (e.g., hobbies) and (b) same ...

Approaches to decision making that are based on individual rationality, whether relying upon classical game-theoretic notions or upon modern distributed artificial intelligence based concepts, are limited in their ability to characterize cooperative social behavior. Altruism, in particular, is a difficult concept to characterize with these approaches. In this paper we contrast categorical altru...