Sir: We were interested to read the paper by Armstrong et a1 (1997) on drug-induced movement disorders in relation to the CYP2D6 genotype. We would agree that this important polymorphism may well be a contributory factor in more chronic druginduced movement disorders. G. D. I. Bates Blrm~ngham Children's Hospital. Ladywood M~ddleway, Ladywood, Birmtngham B16 8ET A. E. van Woerkom, 0. Lopes Quee...

Background and Objective: Methylphenidate (MPH), as a central nervous system stimulant, is often used to manage hyperactive disorders. The literature is scarce regarding the behavioral consequences of chronic MPH treatment and the role of involved receptors. Thus, in the current study involved receptors in MPH induced-anxiety, depression and motor activity disorders were evaluated. Materials a...

objevtive: this comment article reviews the literature to explore whether the use of ect for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence can be justified by scientific rationale and/or evidence. method: this article reviews the literature on the use of ect in addictive disorders. it describes a patient with methamphetamine dependence treated with ect. it then offers a historical review of the m...

The potential of formaldehyde to produce chronic respiratory tract disease remains a controversial issue. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the respiratory effects, if any, of long term occupational exposure to formaldehyde. This cross-sectional study was carried out at a local melamine-formaldehyde resin producing plant. The study population consisted of seventy exposed and 24 ...

Antipsychotic drugs are extensively prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia and other related psychiatric disorders. These drugs produced their action by blocking dopamine (DA) receptors, and these receptors are widely present throughout the brain. Therefore, extended antipsychotic use also leads to severe extrapyramidal side effects. The short-term effects include parkinsonism and the la...

Ochratoxin A (OA) or (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by certain Penecillium (mainly P. verrucosum) and Aspergillus (mainly A. occracies) species of storage fungi. This toxin is a secondary fungal metabolites which has been detected in a variety of animal chows, human food and in up to 80% of human blood samples of several Western countries. Its main target is the kidney which is the causing agent...

Chronic hypoxia has been shown to promote a large number of pathologies such as hypertension, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and respiratory diseases. The oxidative stress that occurs during intermittent or continuous cellular hypoxia is likely involved in all these diseases. Indeed, the reactive species were demonstrated to inhibit active substances, modulate the signaling of intracel...

Several studies have shown that Δ-9-THC the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, can impair cognitive functions, especially attention, episodic memory, working memory and executive functions. These impairments have been related to the duration, frequency, dose and age at onset of cannabis use. Cognitive deficits may disappear with abstinence, but abnormalities may be long-lasting in subje...

Sulfur mustard is a vesicant agent with severe irritating effects on living tissues, including skin, mucous membranes, eyes, and the respiratory tract. The eyes are the most susceptible tissue to mustard gas effects, and varying degrees of ocular involvement are seen in 75% to 90% of exposed individuals. Most cases resolve uneventfully; however, a minority of exposed patients will have a contin...

Objective of this paper is to review drug-induced movement disorders (D-IMD) treated patients on Department of Neurology in University Hospital Osijek. We reviewed patients treated during 10 years period (from 1992 to 2002). Analysed group consisted of 14 patients. Reasons for hospitalisation were swallowing problems in 6 patients, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in 3 patients, stroke in 2...