retained gauze after surgery is an uncommon error and it may be associated with many complications. we are reporting our case to call attention to the fact that retained gauze may become symptomatic even after a very long interval. herein we report on a patient who developed infection and fistula with discharge from this error 35 years after a surgery for femur fracture and insertion of a im na...

conclusions the results showed that p. americana is a possible reservoir and potential vector of some pathogenic agents. results one hundred percent of cockroaches had bacterial infections. culturing of the external parts wash homogenates resulted in the isolation of escherichia coli, proteus, serratia, klebsiella, enterobacter, pseudomonas, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, enterococcus, c...

background: this study was conducted to determine the species of oral and non-oral microorganisms in dental laboratory pumice in order to undertake the necessary disinfection control protocols. methods: fourteen active and well-known dental laboratories of tehran entered our study. samples of pumice were collected from polishing containers in a completely sterilized and controlled condition. th...

background chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection has a broad spectrum of manifestation, ranging from silent carrier state to advanced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. the persistence of hbv dna in serum and hepatocytes of the cirrhotic patient could be detected by molecular techniques in spite of negative hbv serologic markers. conclusions the prevalence of obi was relatively high in...

we describe bladder and urinary tract abscess with concomitant hip arthritis in a 64-year-old male patient on hemodialysis. the patient recovered promptly after abscess draining and antibiotics. this case is reported with a brief discussion of risk factors of this condition.

case presentation this case concerns a 3-year-old girl whose medical history includes an acid attack suffered 3 years ago. she began treatment for the restoration of her scalp hair, but five weeks later, she presented at our clinic with a high-grade fever and infectious discharge from the commissure of the skull following a scalp expansion graft. microbiologic and radiologic work-ups were condu...

leprosy is an ancient disease, known from south asia since at least 2000 bce. while there is no physical evidence of this disease in the region before about 50 ce, five different words are translated as “leprosy” in mesopotamian texts and some of them occur frequently. based on the texts, one word (garāṣu) is rarely used and there is evidence that the other four words relate to diseases that we...