Major insect pests of fresh-market tomato, Lycopersicon esculentumMiller, in eastern Virginia were identified as those responsible for reducing marketable fruit yield from 1998 through 2000. Nineteen arthropod pest species infested springand fall-grown tomato crops, but only thrips, stink bugs, and Lepidopterans, particularly the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea [Boddie]), reduced yield. Fruit inj...

Among the physiological races of Nacobbus aberrans Thorne and Allen, only the "sugarbeet" race is present in the United States (5). This race reproduces on kochia (Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) but not on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L. and S. tuberosum subsp, andigena Jus. and Buk.) (5). Koch...

The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici causes foot and root rot of tomato plants, which can be controlled by the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 and P. chlororaphis PCL1391. Induced systemic resistance is thought to be involved in biocontrol by P. fluorescens WCS365. The antifungal metabolite phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), as well as efficient root colonization, are es...

In this experiment, 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 ml of each oil dissolved in 1 ml of 95 % ethanol was added to 1 kg of soil containing 370 P. penetrans per kg, and incorporated by shaking. After 10 days at 22 ± 3 C, a four-week-old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Bonny Best) seedling was planted in each of six 5-cm-diam plastic pots containing 100 g of treated or untreated infested soi...

Penetration of Crotalaria juncea (PI 207657 and cv. Tropic Sun) Dolichos lablab cv. Highworth, and Sesamum indicum by juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne javanica was assessed to investigate the mechanism by which these plants may reduce nematode numbers in the field. Growth chamber experiments were conducted at 25 C, with vials containing 90 g sand infested with 450 J2; tomato (UC 204 C) was include...

Proteinase inhibitor (PI) accumulation has been described as a plant defense response against insects and pathogens. The induction of PIs is known to be regulated by endogenous chemical factors including phytohormones. We studied the induction of barley chymotrypsin and trypsin inhibitory activities by aphid infestation, mechanical wounding, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Wounding ...

Microplots 80 x 100 cm, infested with varying initial population densities (P(i)) of Meloidogyne incognita or M. hapla, were planted to tomato at two locations. Experiments were conducted in a sandy loam soil at Fletcher, N. C. (mountains) where the mean temperature for May to September is ca 20.7 C, and in a loamy saml at Clayton, N. C. (coastal plain) where the mean temperature for May to Sep...

One method of evaluating the impact of insect weed biological control agents is to exclude them from their host with insecticides, thereby enabling comparisons of host fitness between infested and non-infested plants. However, the insecticide must not positively or negatively affect the plant being protected. The insecticide acephate was tested for its effects on Oxyops vitiosa Pascoe and Melal...

The occurrence of fringed wings insect, Pseudodendrothrips mori is a major pest of mulberry, which causes a considerable leaf yield loss and inturn damages its quality. Hence, an attempt was made to know the changes in biochemical constituents (Free amino acids, total soluble proteins, total reducing sugars, total soluble sugars, starch and total phenols) and photosynthetic pigments (total chlo...

Inducible defensive responses in plants are known to be activated locally and systemically by signaling molecules that are produced at sites of pathogen or insect attacks, but only one chemical signal, ethylene, is known to travel through the atmosphere to activate plant defensive genes. Methyl jasmonate, a common plant secondary compound, when applied to surfaces of tomato plants, induces the ...