Cities the world over are highly fragmented. The fragmentation of the built-up area cities by the open spaces interpenetrating them is a key attribute of urban-sprawl, and sprawl as fragmentation, as distinct from sprawl as lower-density development, is now a universal feature of cities. Using satellite images and census data for 1990 and 2000 for a global sample of 120 cities, we find that cit...

Assessment of landscape change is critical for attainment of regional sustainability goals. Urban growth assessments are needed because over half the global population now lives in cities, which impact biodiversity, ecosystem structure and ecological processes. Open space protection is needed to preserve these attributes, and provide the resources humans need. The San Francisco Bay Area, Califo...

The paper discusses some of the recent advances in kriging based worst-case design optimisation and proposes a new two-stage approach to solve practical problems. The efficiency of the infill points allocation is improved significantly by adding an extra layer of optimisation enhanced by a validation process.

Special Plate Shear Wall (SPSW) merupakan struktur rangka yang terdiri dari pelat baja vertikal (infill plate) sebagai dinding pengisi tersambung dengan balok dan kolom, berfungsi untuk menahan beban seismik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat kinerja gedung SPSW terhadap variasi penampang kolom menggunakan metode analisis pushover bantuan software ETABS. Struktur klinik 6 lantai, tota...

Architectural infill walls interact with the surrounding reinforced concrete load bearing members of building under lateral earthquake loads and can change system behavior significantly. Therefore, strength calculation these may become mandatory for designers. These often formed horizontally-hollow clay based bricks in many regions world. However, depends on loading direction remain diagonal co...

To assess the influence of growing salt structures on facies distribution, stratal pattern, and thickness trends, this paper provides tectonostratigraphic framework outstandingly exposed Cotiella minibasins (South-Central Pyrenees, Spain). Based detailed analysis field cross-sections, our results showcase syn-halokinetic upper Coniacian-lower Santonian infill (1.5–3 km thick) records four shall...

This paper aims to develop a numerical model of RC frame considering the same geometrical properties, material properties and boundary conditions in ABAQUS validated with experimental results comparing its force-displacement curve, damage pattern stress strain variations outcomes. The use infill walls increases progressive collapse resistance force, mainly CAA. is due addition compressive actio...

To study the effects of infill wall on progressive collapse resistance reinforced concrete (RC) frames with slabs, a macro finite element (FE) model was built using general purpose software OpenSees. The FE validated by existing test results. Then, subsequently used to predict potential eight-story RC frame including slabs and walls. numerical studies demonstrated that inclusion walls could inc...