Social forestry programs, aimed to reduce poverty in forest communities while maintaining the function, are increasingly incorporating gender issues and responsiveness. By design, social program is supposed promote justice equality for users, but on ground discriminatory practices against women occurring. Drawing case study from two Indonesian villages, this examined extent of discrimination im...

BACKGROUND One essential element of research is the successful recruitment of participants. However, concerns are obvious regarding the ethical implications of involving terminally ill and even dying patients and their informal caregivers as research participants. This study aims to illustrate central issues encountered when recruiting bereaved informal caregivers for a questionnaire validation...

BACKGROUND Participation in population-based preventive health check has declined over the past decades. More research is needed to determine factors enhancing participation. The objective of this study was to examine the association between two measures of neighborhood level social capital on participation in the health check phase of a population-based lifestyle intervention. METHODS The st...

OBJECTIVE Data from a national health survey were used to test the hypothesis of a negative association of smoking in pregnancy and three measures of religious participation and importance. METHODS The 2002 National Survey of Family Growth included 2395 women aged 15 to 44 years with a history of at least one pregnancy in the five years before interview. An association between religious parti...

This paper discusses the elements of socialist and post-socialist (un)employment and informal economy. A growing economic crisis and a reduced participation in the formal labor market in the newly-formed Croatian state in the early 1990s brought about an increase in unemployment and gave rise to informal economy. However, informal economy had been widespread even before, in the late socialist p...

Background Depressive patients can derive consolation as well as struggle from their religion. Outside the Western-Christian cultures these phenomena have not received much empirical exploration. The current study aims to describe how positive and negative religious coping strategies relate to depressive symptoms in different ethnic groups in The Netherlands. Methods Interview data were derived...

In the last two decades one of the key questions that has occupied many feminist theorists is how should issues of historical and cultural specificity inform both the analytics and politics of any feminist project. Although this questioning has resulted in serious attempts at integrating issues of sexual, racial, class, and national difference within feminist theory, questions of religious diff...

graffiti as one of the social phenomenon has a very long record. however, the graffiti in modern civilization has been put forth as a media. in this article, efforts have been made to study the graffiti from the linguistic perspective. in this research, 2929 graffiti from different districts in the north, south, east, west and center of tehran have been registered and then extracted and analyze...

This paper uses household data to test whether microfinance institutions created by the Malawian government in the mid-1990s under its Poverty Alleviation Programme crowded out access to informal loans. As in several recent studies, the paper adopts policy evaluation techniques to identify a causal relationship between access to government-sponsored credit programmes and informal loans. After t...