The Shannon entropy of a collection of random variables is subject to a number of constraints, the best-known examples being monotonicity and strong subadditivity. It remains an open question to decide which of these “laws of information theory” are also respected by the von Neumann entropy of many-body quantum states. In this article, we consider a toy version of this difficult problem by anal...

In this paper we report upon the Virtual Economy (VE), an Internet simulation which operated for the first time in Spring 2000 involving students at Indiana University, USA and at Napier University, Edinburgh, UK. During 2001, the VE was extended to include participants from other institutions. The main thrust of the project was to encourage active learning on the part of students in relation t...

The Bitcoin virtual currency is built on the top of a decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) network used to propagate system information such as transactions or blockchain updates. In this paper, we have performed a data collection process identifying more than 872000 different Bitcoin nodes. This data allows us to present information on the size of the Bitcoin P2P network, the node geographic distr...

The productivity growth surge is commonly associated with significant investments in capital, especially in information technology (IT) equipment and software. But, in fact, there is more to the story than just capital investments. Another part of the story is innovations in workplace practices. Over the past decade, more firms have adopted work processes in which non-managerial workers are inv...