Elevation of the K+ concentration in seawater (added as KC1) induces larval settlement and metamorphosis in Bugula simplex, B. stolonifera, and B. turrita. All three of these bryozoan species have similar bell-shaped dose-response curves: 5 mM excess K+ is sufficient to increase settlement and metamorphosis significantly over seawater controls in all the species and optimal responses to excess ...

We study the effect of the life settlement market on the structure of long term contracts offered by the primary market for life insurance, as well as the effect on consumer welfare, using a dynamic model of life insurance with one sided commitment and bequest-driven lapsation. We show that the presence of life settlement affects the extent as well as the form of dynamic reclassification risk i...

Manipulative field experiments carried out on sheltered rocky shores investigated settlement and post-settlement interactions between Semibalanus balanoides and three species of fucoid canopy algae, Fucus spiralis L., Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis and Fucus serratus L. All three species had a negative effect on settlement and early recruitment of S. balanoides, densities being significantly...

The barnacle Balanus amphitrite is among the most dominant fouling species on intertidal rocky shores in tropical and subtropical areas and is thus a target organism in antifouling research. After being released from adults, the swimming nauplius undertakes six molting cycles and then transforms into a cyprid. Using paired antennules, a competent cyprid actively explores and selects a suitable ...

he U.S. dollar clearing and settlement system was little noticed during the recent financial crisis, mainly because it performed dependably, processing record volumes and values of trades made in stressed financial markets. Its successful operation was in part a result of the collaborative efforts undertaken by stakeholders over decades to improve risk management and operational resiliency. Und...

Ancient Maya settlement patterns exhibit fractal geometry both within communities and across regions. Fractals are self-similar sets of fractional dimension. In this paper, we show how Maya settlement patterns are logically and statistically self-similar. We demonstrate how to measure the fractal dimensions (or Hausdorff–Besicovitch dimensions) of several data sets. We describe nonlinear dynami...

Foreign exchange transactions are subject to a unique type of settlement risk. This risk ultimately stems from the difficulty of coordinating separate settlements in two different currencies. Settlement of foreign exchange transactions through the proposed CLS (“Continuous Linked Settlement”) Bank has been discussed as a potential solution to this problem. This paper describes the CLS proposal ...

Moira Decima and Holly Kindsvater Abstract Settlement patterns of two Dascyllus species provide insight into the relationship between recruits and adult distribution of reef fish larvae because of the close association between damselfish and settlement substrate. In Moorea, experimental coral heads were monitored for sixteen days for gregarious settlement by D. flavicaudus and D. aruanus. Three...

Multi-coloured homologues of the green fluorescent protein generate some of the most striking visual phenomena in the ocean. Despite their natural prominence in reef-building corals and widespread use in biotechnology, their biological role remains obscure. Here, we experimented with larvae of Acropora millepora to determine what can be learned about a coral larva or recruit from its fluorescen...

Storage effect theory describes conditions under which recruitment fluctuation can promote the coexistence of multiple species competing for a single resource. In communities of benthic marine animals, larval settlement is often highly variable, and it has long been suspected that settlement variability promotes coexistence via the storage effect, but no empirical studies have provided quantita...