Universal service obligations impose specific costs on the universal service provider and the latter may call for an appropriate compensation. Most often, a two-step procedure is put forward to finance the universal service in a competitive environment. Firstly, the cost of the universal service is assessed; secondly, the provider must be compensated for this cost. We argue that this procedure ...

Last month, the Section of General and Family Practice of the Ontario Medical Association took out advertisements in major newspapers and magazines insinuating that Ontarians might put themselves at risk if they were to receive care from nurse practitioners and pharmacists.1 I was shocked and dismayed at the message put forward—yet not surprised. Turf wars are not new. But in primary care they ...

Although psychostimulants alleviate the core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), recent studies confirm that their impact on the long-term outcomes of ADHD children is null. Psychostimulants enhance extracellular dopamine. Numerous review articles assert that they correct an underlying dopaminergic deficit of genetic origin. This dopamine-deficit theory of ADHD is often...

Faced upon the research status of Aculops lycopersici, the importance of population dynamic has been put forward. The feasibility and superiority of cellular automata applied in the simulation of Aculops lycopersici has been discussed. This paper has put forward an Aculops lycopersici population dynamic model prototype based on cellular automata, the result showed that this model can be used to...

This paper introduces the research methods, the content and technical route about the study of agricultural informatization standards Framework, which describes the structure of the agricultural informatization standard system, the construction process of agricultural informatization standard system diagram, and put forward the working ideas and deployment of the future standardization work of ...

In this article, we put forward the small and middle-sized enterprises (SMEs) credit guarantee is the effective measure to solve the financing difficulty for SMEs. Through the analysis of the actuality of Chinese SMEs credit guarantee legal system, we try to find the shortages such as the deficiency of the SMEs special guarantee legislation, the unreasonable capital financing structure, the ris...