The effects of plant growth regulators were examined in order to optimize the callus induction, regeneration, and proliferation of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum). In vitro leaves provided the explants for callus induction. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorophen...

The prevailing pattern of classroom interaction is a tripartite exchange structure known as IRF (teacher initiation, student response, teacher follow-up/feedback; Sinclair & Coulthard, 1975). Although it has its own contributions to classroom discourse, it has been criticized on several grounds, particularly for affording minimum learner participation opportunities (Kasper, 2001). An alternativ...

Prompt uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to ensure the success of universal test and treat (UTT) strategies to prevent HIV transmission in high-prevalence settings. We describe ART initiation rates and associated factors within an ongoing UTT cluster-randomized trial in rural South Africa. HIV-positive individuals were offered immediate ART in the intervention arm vs. nation...

OBJECTIVES Breastfeeding rates differ among racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Our aim was to test whether racial/ethnic disparities in demographic characteristics, hospital use of infant formula, and family history of breastfeeding mediated racial/ethnic gaps in breastfeeding outcomes. METHODS We analyzed data from the Community and Child Health Network study (N = 1636). Breastfeedin...

Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document provides examples of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) test messages designed to exercise and "torture" the code of an IPv6-enabled SIP implementation. Gurbani, et al. Informational [Page 1]

Prompt laboratory reporting of tuberculosis (TB) test results is necessary for TB control. To understand the extent of and factors contributing to laboratory reporting delays and the impact of reporting delays on initiation of treatment of TB patients, we analyzed data from 300 consecutive culture-positive TB cases reported in four California counties in 1998. Laboratory reporting to the specim...

OBJECTIVE To describe the degree of HIV disease progression in infants initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) by three months of age in a programmatic setting in South Africa. DESIGN This was a programmatic cohort study. METHODS Electronic and manual data extraction from databases and antiretroviral registers in 20 public clinics in Cape Town and electronic data extraction from a large ART...

objective(s):the relationship between tramadol, as an antinociceptive drug, and locus coeruleus (lc), the main noradrenergic nucleus of the brain that affects regulation and modulation of pain through descending noradrenergic pathways was investigated. materials and methods: male sprague-dawley rats were divided into four groups of 10 rats. the rats were fixed in stereotaxic instrument and then...

Fatigue strength of welded joints is typically independent the parent material static strength; however, there are two exceptions from this rule—post-weld treated and high-quality joints. The reason for both absence sharp weld transitions. Thus, fatigue life not fully governed by crack propagation but also initiation. This intensified fact that initiation behaviour proportional to properties. C...

Initiation factors, extracted from ribosomal particles by high salt, are usually tested for with the extracted ribosomes. However, it is theoretically possible that such tests may respond not only to factors (i.e., proteins that join and leave a ribosome during its cycle), but also to true ribosomal proteins that may have been extracted. We have eliminated this circularity by tests with purifie...