Favourable efficiency of diesel engines makes them the most abundant type internal combustion engines. However, are also primary sources particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions formed as a result process. There many variables to affect performance engine. One is injection pressure. Combustion process has crucial effect on emission formation this highly affected by fuel atomi...

Alkali antimonide photocathodes with high quantum efficiency hold the promise of delivering electrons for highbrightness injectors. A drift type spectrometer (momentatron) was attached to the HZB preparation system to allow in-situ characterization within short time after fabrication and possibly identify correlations between growth process and cathode performance parameters.

Development work leading to emittance-compensated symmetric emittance and asymmetric emittance RF photoinjectors is discussed. A mature design for a symmetric emittance photoinjector is described, and current work leading to an asymmetric design is detailed. An experimental program to characterize both injectors and to explore the physical mechanism of emittance compensation using the facilitie...

BACKGROUND Injecting drug use is an increasingly important cause of HIV transmission in most countries worldwide. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of injecting drug use among individuals aged 15-64 years, and of HIV among people who inject drugs. METHODS We did a systematic search of peer-reviewed (Medline, EmBase, and PubMed/BioMed Central), internet, and grey literature databases; an...

BACKGROUND Initial food-allergic reactions are often poorly recognized and under-treated. METHODS Parents of food-allergic children were invited to complete an online questionnaire, designed with Kids with Food Allergies Foundation, about their children's first food-allergic reactions resulting in urgent medical evaluation. RESULTS Among 1361 reactions, 76% (95% CI 74-79%) were highly likel...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of intraocular contamination caused by intraocular lens (IOL) insertion with injectors by observing the dynamics of an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD). METHODS Each type of injector was equipped with a colored OVD and IOL, and a 2 mm length from the tip of the cartridge was replaced with a colored OVD. The various combinations ...

In 1993, Heimer, Kaplan, and associates (1) showed a reduction in the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HTV)-infected syringes among those returned to the New Haven, Connecticut, needle exchange in the months following the opening of the program. This reduction suggested a decrease in the circulation time of used needles among injectors who use the exchange, and this decrease can in t...

Determining injector-producer relationships, i.e., to quantify the inter-well connectivity between injectors and producers in a reservoir, is a complex and non-stationary problem. In this paper, we present a neural-network-based sensitivity analysis approach to address this problem. To the best of our knowledge, sensitivity analysis has never been applied for identification of the injector-prod...

BACKGROUND Botulinum neurotoxin type A is a well-established treatment for a number of conditions involving muscle hyperactivity. Dysport (Ipsen Ltd, Wrexham, United Kingdom) is a botulinum neurotoxin type A preparation that has been available for a number of therapeutic uses for over 20 years in the European Union (EU). This survey was part of the EU botulinum toxin risk management plan to ide...