the ruler-oriented attitude in the historiographical reports of the ottoman period has caused the government to be portrayed as an impressive institution and the school, like most other institutions of the society, as impressionable in the portray presented of the relation between the ottoman government and the school institution. similarly, in the researches made, this same formal attitude of ...

this article aims, with a detailed insight into the historical process of khul’ divorce in two phases in arabia before islam and after islam, to discover the creation of successive theories and the evolution of ‘the khul’ divorce institution’ to its current form as supporting iranian legislation. while presenting the views of the jurists, we encountered two streams of thought as regards the dis...

The affiliations for all authors are incorrect. The first three authors (Alessandra Savini, Agostina Vertino and Fabio Marchese) are affiliated only with institution number 1, Milano-Bicocca University, Dept. of Geological Sciences and Geotechnologies, Milano, Italy, and not with institution number 2, and the last two authors (Lydia Beuck and André Freiwald) are only affiliated with institution...

In this paper we propose to regard an Agent Communication Language (ACL) as a set of conventions to act on a fragment of institutional reality, defined in the context of an artificial institution. Within such an approach, we first reformulate a previously proposed commitment-based semantics for ACLs. In particular we show that all commonly used types of communicative acts can be defined in term...

In this study we present an application which can be accessed via www.excellence-networks.net and which represents networks of scientific institutions worldwide. The application is based on papers (articles, reviews and conference papers) published between 2007 and 2011. It uses (network) data, on which the SCImago Institutions Ranking is based (Scopus data from Elsevier). Using this data, inst...

family is a social-biological institution and it is one of the most fundamental institutions of society. this article explores the structure of the family institution in iran at the historical period from the taherid dynasty to mongols, to analyze the impact of the bondswomen on twofold function of the family. the family is taken into consideration as the institution which has been provided the...

by increasing government’s interferences in different aspects of society and as a result, more dependence of citizen to governmental and public institution, there is always the concern that citizen’s right before powerful governmental organs be violated. therefore, different mechanisms have been created to defend the citizen’s rights one of which is ombudsman. ombudsman acts as mediator and com...

background: authorship of peer-reviewed publications can create conflict among academics. objective: to document authorship conflicts of academics at a tertiary faculty. methods: an anonymous questionnaire eliciting authorship conflicts and knowledge of authorship criteria was administered online to 154 academic staff members at a new zealand university. results: 43 academics responded, a respo...

The paper is dedicated to the issues connected with the informational activity of a Higher Education Institution. The methods of acquiring and maintaining a complete informational image of a Higher Education Institution are devised. The ways of a Higher Education Institution positive informational image protection are elaborated. The following stages of an informational image forming are consid...

Global economy has formed a huge challenge to the trust of traditional business. It’s a important problem of all enterprise how to build a effective trust institution in the new economy. The rapid development of E-business is bringing a turning point of trust institution. In traditional trust institution, trust means that principal controls the agent in fact. The evolution of trust institution ...