Introduction It is generally believed that exercise produces its effects by activating central opioid receptors; there are little data that support this claim. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are key nuclei in opioid-induced analgesia, and opioids interact with serotonin to produce analgesia. Objectives The purpose was to examine central inhibitory mechani...

Wheel wear is a natural phenomenon of wheel–rail rolling contact during vehicle operation. The non-uniform in lateral and circumferential directions normally occurred on wheels. will lead to the unexpected hollow which can cause flange vibration at low-frequency band, result vertical originate from polygon phenomenon. These two forms are coupled each other wheels affect dynamic behaviours syste...

In operation of high-speed wheeled robots on rough terrain, it is significantly important to predict or measure the interaction between wheel and ground in order to maintain optimal maneuverability. Therefore, this paper proposes an easy way to estimate wheel lift and suspension force of a highspeed wheeled robot on uneven surfaces. First of all, a high-speed robot which has six wheels with ind...

A question of major importance in the auto industry concerns the modeling and improved design of vehicle tires. Tire performance affects the handling performance of the automobile. Many of the variables on which tire performance depends can be calculated from the load and deflection of the spindle in the suspension system for each wheel. The question of tire performance thus becomes a question ...

In this paper, we present the development of a tire rubber deformation sensing system that provides the critical information for understanding and estimation of wheel/ground interactions for mobile robots and vehicles. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)based sensors are designed and fabricated to embed on the inner tread surface to measure the tire rubber tread deformation. Analytical models of the...

The wheel-rail-sleepers system is simulated as a series of moving point loads on an Euler–Bernoulli beam resting on a visco-elastic half space. This paper concentrates on the railsleepers interaction system (railway system) and the fault detection. The main objective is to mathematically develop and implement a dynamic model of a railway system then the diagnosis of system defects using a Luenb...

In this paper, analysis for reducing lateral forces is implemented by using a railway vehicle model on a sharp curved track. Also, in order to minimize some problems when a railway vehicle runs on a sharp curved track, an active-steering bogie system is investigated. An active steering bogie system of a railway vehicle is designed to alleviate contact forces and to decrease wear of wheel/rail i...

The voice controlled wheel robot system needs to make use of the latest technological components available. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a voice based wheel chair system where communication technologies and Internet have been used. All these techniques are successfully merged in a voice controlled wheel chair system. With this, the fully designed voice controlled s...

objectives: different chelators may be used during root canal treatment, offering various advantages including lubricant effect inside the canal and smear layer removal. however, chelator residues in narrow root canals can lead to apical microleakage. the aim of this in-vitro study was to compare apical microleakage following the use of three root canal chelators via fluid filtration method in ...