The insulin-like growth factor pathway, regulated by a complex interplay of growth factors, cognate receptors, and binding proteins, is critically important for many of the hallmarks of cancer such as oncogenesis, cell division, growth, and antineoplastic resistance. Naturally, a number of clinical trials have sought to directly abrogate insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) function a...

Background: Memory-impairment was one of the common characteristics in patients with diabetes mellitus. The release of chronic inflammation mediators and insulin resistance in diabetic brain gave rise to the generation of toxic factor Aβ42 which was the marker of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the impairment of memory in diabetes mellitus was also correlated predominantly with uptake/metabol...

Arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, and metabolites of arginine exert multiple biological effects. It has been known that arginine causes the release of various hormones such as insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, prolactin, and adrenal catecholamines. Arginine infusion also produces vasodilation, and in the kidney increased plasma flow accompanied by increases in glomerular filtration rate (...

Objective: Forkhead box proteins and Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) in particular, mediate insulin signaling pathways and glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to compare FOXO1 expression in subcutaneous adipose (SA) tissue between obese rats with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its response to resistance training in T2D. Materials and Methods: 21 male wistar rats (220±20 g...

Introduction Serotonin is involved in leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Deficiency of the serotonin transporter (SERT) associated with metabolic changes humans and mice. A possible link interaction between inflammatory effects derangements SERT-deficient mice has not been investigated so far. Methods ( Sert -/- ) wild type (WT) were fed a high-fat diet, starting at 8 weeks age. Metabol...

Background and objectives: The role of genetic components in expression of proteins involved in signaling pathways of fat and carbohydrate metabolism has been well-demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance levels as well as IRS1 expression in gastrocnemius muscle of obese Wistar rats. Meth...

Insulin exerts both NO-dependent vasodilator and endothelin-dependent vasoconstrictor effects on skeletal muscle arterioles. The intracellular enzymes 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and Akt have been shown to mediate the vasodilator effects of insulin, but the signaling molecules involved in the vasoconstrictor effects of insulin in these arterioles are unknown. Our objective was ...

context turmeric is obtained from the plant curcuma longa l; its major constituent, curcumin, is a polyphenol with multiple effects which can modulate some signaling pathways. evidence acquisition insulin resistance is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. in addition, insulin resistance in peripheral ti...

Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is a common phenomenon in diabetes. Since oxidative stress depletes adiponectin and insulin levels, we investigated whether an upregulated heme oxygenase (HO) system would attenuate the oxidative destruction of adiponectin/insulin and improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. HO was upregulated with...