Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced by and released from the small intestine following ingestion of nutrients. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists applied peripherally or centrally decrease food intake and increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These effects make the GLP-1 system an attractive target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. In addition to these mo...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced in the ileum and the nucleus of the solitary tract. It is well known that GLP-1 controls food intake, but there is a growing literature indicating that GLP-1 also is involved in fluid intake. It is not known, however, if the observed effects are pharmacological or if endogenous GLP-1 and its receptor contribute to physiological fluid intake control. A...

Glucose is the primary fuel for the brain. It has been proposed that the brain senses glucose, and promotes eating behaviours when levels are low. A system regulating glucose intake, driven by hedonic responses generated in the limbic system, has been identified. A taste-independent mechanism within the CNS that promotes glucose intake has been postulated. Glucokinase is a member of the hexokin...

background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is one of the most prevalent of nerves system disease. ms is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder. nutrition and diet are effective factors for prevention and treatment in ms, however finding are controversial. the aim of this study was investigation of dietary pattern of fat consumption and its relationship with lipid profiles crp level in ms patient.  metho...

background: improvement in complications of antitumor agents and surgery is important to enhance life quality and survival among patients with colon and colorectal cancer. it has been reported that some dietary components such as glutamine (gln) have beneficial effects on these complications of cancer therapies. however, the results of studies are inconsistent in this area. we performed a revie...

in this study it has been tried, to compare results and convergence rate of sensitivity analysis and conjugate gradient algorithms to reduce fuel consumption and increasing engine performance by optimizing the timing of opening and closing valves in xu7/l3 engine. in this study, considering the strength and accuracy of simulation gt-power software in researches on the internal combustion engine...

It is common to treat some diseases with more than one medication simultaneously. Since more than one neurotransmitter system is involved in alcohol-seeking behaviour, then a therapeutic approach that targets more than one system should be more effective in reducing alcohol intake than one addressing a single system. To test this hypothesis, we compared the efficacy of low doses of individual d...

The paper describes a system for processing and issuing electronic medical prescriptions drugs. developed facilitates the staff in writing quickly, easily effortlessly, displaying relevant references an ability to aid patients their medication consumption. quality of intake is expected improve with implementation notification system.

This paper reviews involvement of the serotonergic system in the control of food intake and satiety. It is of great interest to understand the relevance of this system for physiological control of energy balance and obesity. Over 35 years of research suggest that serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in satiety. Thus, the serotonergic system has been a viable target for weight control. The 5...

As metabolic analysis under the stress of exercise expands its horizons beyond the assessment of maximal oxygen intake, a more versatile system than the cumbersome Douglas bag apparatus is warranted. With the advent of continuous observation of energy demands of submaximal work over extended periods (Costill, Kammer, and Fisher, 1970; Costill et al., 1971), a method is required that is convenie...