A bell-shaped vertical profile of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, conventionally referred to as a subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) phenomenon, has frequently been observed in stratified oceans and lakes. This profile is assumed to be a general Gaussian distribution in this study. By substituting the general Gaussian function into ecosystem dynamical equations, the steady-state solution...

We report on the development of a software program named iQuant2 which creates visual images from two-dimensional signal intensity data obtained by a laser ablation-ICP-mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) technique. Time-resolved signal intensity profiles can be converted to position resolved signal intensity data based on the rastering rate (μm s-1) of the laser ablation. Background signal intensitie...

conclusions kmc before and during heel lancing is a natural, easy to use, and cost-effective method to decrease pain in premature neonates. it is consistent with modern strategy of family-centered care in neonatal units. results the mean score of pain intensity during the intervention was significantly lower in the kmc position (p < 0/000). mean score of pain intensity at two minutes after inte...

A potential of quantitative noninvasive knee ultrasonography (US) for detecting changes in femoral subchondral bone related to knee osteoarthritis (OA) was investigated. Thirty-nine patients referred to a knee arthroscopy underwent dynamic noninvasive US examination of the knee joint. The subchondral bone was semiautomatically segmented from representative US images of femoral medial and latera...

In this paper, the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of image registration error using an isotropic fiducial mark is derived. The derived CRLB is a function of the intensity profile of the fiducial mark. Following the development of the CRLB, a new method for designing an isotropic fiducial mark, suitable for digital image registration, is presented. A parameterization method of the fiducial intens...

Laser beam homogenizing and beam shaping are key enabling technologies for many applications today. Periodic microlens arrays are widely used to transform Gaussian or non-uniform beam profile into a uniform “flat-top”. Each microlens element samples the input beam and spreads it over a given angular distribution. Incoherent beams that are either temporally or spatially incoherent can produce ve...

Purpose: High-intensity exercise is safe and effective for low-risk pregnant women and their developing babies; however, little is known about the psychological effect of an acute bout of high-intensity exercise among pregnant women. The goal of this study is to examine maternal mood in response to an acute bout of high-intensity exercise. Methods: Twenty-six pregnant women (18-24 wks gestation...

Laboratory high energy density experiments using ion beam drivers rely upon the delivery of high-current, high-brightness ion beams with high peak intensity onto targets. Solid-state scintillators are typically used to measure the ion beam spatial profile but they display dosedependent degradation and aging effects. These effects produce uncertainties and limit the accuracy of measuring peak be...

The formation of self-confined beams using pyroelectric effect is numerically and experimentally studied in photorefractive LiNbO3. For a given crystal temperature change, the trapped beam width is shown to be less efficient as intensity is increased. Numerical calculations reveal that the induced refractive-index profile varies along propagation for large intensities due to a nonlinear photovo...

It is shown that spatial correlation functions measured for correlated photon pairs at the single-photon level correspond to speckle patterns visible at high intensities. This correspondence is observed for the first time in one experimental setup by using different acquisition modes of an intensified CCD camera in low and high intensity regimes. The behavior of intensity auto- and cross-correl...