The standard IEC 61850 has been used in Brazil since 2008 to systematize the parameters of data communication regarding substation automation an open, interoperable framework. Most electrical projects, which apply 61850, take only GOOSE message and MMS through station bus. However, recommends a second bus, named process In 2022 application bus is limited pilot-project on utility learn about its...

Introduction. The diminishing conventional energy resources and their adverse environmental impacts compelled the researchers industries to move towards nonconventional resources. Consequently, a drastic paradigm shift is observed in power transportation sectors from traditional fossil fuel based renewable energy-based technologies. Considering proliferation of electric vehicles, companies have...

To attract people to use public transport, efficient transit information systems providing accurate, real-time, easy-tounderstand information must be provided to users. In this paper we introduce HapticTransit, a tactile feedback based alert/notification model of a system, which provides spatial information to the public transport user. The model uses real-time bus location with other spatial i...

Various communication protocols are used within a typical industrial facility including Modbus RTU, DeviceNet and Profibus. These protocols used over the years have been in a Master-Slave configuration. Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are slaves to single or multiple masters with one-way communication with the IED acting as a data/controlled node to the master device. Control is implement...

The IEEE 802.6 Standard Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB)for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) has been proposed. It is based on a uni-directional twin bus architecture. The DQDB protocol lays more emphasis on the overall channel utilization than the fair sharing of channel bandwidth by all the stations. In this paper, we first describe the unfairness problem in which the upstream stations occup...

Timetable information in public transportation networks exhibit a large degree of redundancy; e.g. consider a bus going from station A to station B at 6:00, 6:15, 6:30, 6:45, 7:00, 7:15, 7:30, . . . , 20:00, the very same data can be provided by a frequency-based representation as ’6:00-20:00, every 15 minutes’ in considerably less space. Nevertheless a common graph model for routing in public ...