football participation requires considerable utilization of both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems to match the high energetic demands of the sport. the consequent stresses imposed on the physiological and metabolic systems carries players to the threshold of exhaustion during match-play, from which they are required to recover in preparation for the subsequent game. a high number of players...

labor pain is one of the most tiresome types of pain. so human has been seeking to allay this pain until now. administration of a suitable agent such as entonox during labor is very beneficial for childbirth outcomes. entonox can be administered in two ways: intermittently and continuously. the aim of this study is to demonstrate whether continuous method is as safe as intermittent method? this...

introduction: diabetes mellitus (dm) is now seen as a worldwide epidemic disease with high prevalence. exercise training (et) is known to promote beneficial changes in diabetic patients. the aim of this study was to compare the impact of continuous and intermittent aerobic training on glucose-4 transporter protein (glut-4) levels and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats. materials and methods: ...

Increased longevity and improved health can be achieved in mammals by two feeding regimens, caloric restriction (CR), which limits the amount of daily calorie intake, and intermittent fasting (IF), which allows the food to be available ad libitum every other day. The precise mechanisms mediating these beneficial effects are still unresolved. Resetting the circadian clock is another intervention...

Fructose accounts for 10% of daily calories in the American diet. Fructose, but not glucose, given intracerebroventricularly stimulates homeostatic feeding mechanisms within the hypothalamus; however, little is known about how fructose affects hedonic feeding centers. Repeated ingestion of sucrose, a disaccharide of fructose and glucose, increases neuronal activity in hedonic centers, the nucle...

Enteral tubes are frequently used in critically ill patients for feeding and gastric decompression. Many of the nursing guidelines to facilitate the care of patients with enteral tubes have not been based on current research, but on ritual and opinion. Using a computerised literature search and an evidence-based classification system as described by the Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence Base...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that very low birth weight infants fed by continuous nasogastric gavage (CNG) would achieve full enteral feedings (100 kcal/kg/d) at an earlier postnatal age and have less feeding intolerance (FI) than infants fed by intermittent bolus gavage (IBG). METHODS Eighty infants were stratified by birth weight (700 to 1000 g and 1001 to 1250 g) and randomized into CN...

Fasting-refeeding in mice induces transient hyperproliferation of colonic epithelial cells, which is dependent on the lactate produced as a metabolite of commensal bacteria. We attempted to manipulate colonic epithelial cell turnover with intermittent fasting to prompt recovery from acute colitis. Acute colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of dextran sulfate sodium in the drink...

BACKGROUND The role of dietary restriction regimens such as caloric restriction, ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting in development of cancers has been detected via abundant preclinical experiments. However, the conclusions are controversial. We aim to review the relevant animal studies systematically and provide assistance for further clinical studies. METHODS Literatures on associations...