Experimental data associated with plastic deformations indicate that the temperature is less than that predicted from dissipation based on plastic work. To obtain reasonable correlation between theoretical and experimental results, the plastic work is often multiplied by a constant beta. This paper provides an alternative thermodynamic framework in which it is proposed that there is an addition...

Energy flux is a fundamental quantity for understanding internal wave generation, propagation, and dissipation. In this paper, the estimation of internal wave energy fluxes u p from ocean observations that may be sparse in either time or depth are considered. Sampling must be sufficient in depth to allow for the estimation of the internal wave–induced pressure anomaly p using the hydrostatic ba...

Sputtering of condensed-phase ammoniumnitrate yields an extensivedistribution of negative cluster ions of the form [(NH4N03),N03]-, n 2 3. Collision-induced dissociation of mass-selected cluster ions suggests that the first two members of the series, n = 1 and n = 2, are missing because the ions rearrange to lose one or more ammonia molecules. Gradient-corrected density-functional calculations ...

The vibrational redistribution of energy following internal conversion in glyoxal has been studied in a molecular beam using the "pump-and-probe" technique. A beam of glyoxal is initially pumped from So to a selected vibronic level of Sl. After internal conversion occurs, a tunable dye laser is used to probe the hot band absorption of the molecules by re-excitation into Sl. The total fluorescen...

We have calculated the reorganization energy for the intramolecular electron transfer between the reduced type 1 copper site and the peroxy intermediate of the trinuclear cluster in the multicopper oxidase CueO. The calculations are performed at the combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) level, based on molecular dynamics simulations with tailored potentials for the two copp...

A set of simulations concerning the influence of internal energy on the stability of relativistic jets is presented. Results show that perturbations saturate when the amplitude of the velocity perturbation approaches the speed of light limit. Also, contrary to what predicted by linear stability theory, jets with higher specific internal energy appear to be more stable.

Dark energy constraints have forced viable alternatives that differ substantially from a cosmological constant Λ to have an equation of state w that evolves across the phantom divide set by Λ. Naively, crossing this divide makes the dark energy gravitationally unstable, a problem that is typically finessed by unphysically ignoring the perturbations. While this procedure does not affect constrai...

Learning by choice of internal representations (CHIR) is a learning algorithm for a multilayer neural network system, suggested by Grossman et al, [1,2) and based upon determining the internal representations of the system as well as its internal weights. In this paper, we propose an energy minimization approach whereby the internal representations (IR) as well as the weight matrix are allowed ...