For over two decades the Peoples' Republic of China was isolateq from most of the world. It was an isolation that was even more intensified by the raging hostility between her and her former ally the USSR. · The situation began to change in the late sixties and ties when attitudes and relations throughout the world have eroded most of the barriers that kept China apart. Hence when she finally t...

Problem-based learning is an educational method characterized by utilization of problems involving patients as a context for students to learn problem-solving skills and acquire knowledge about basic and clinical science. It is a core curriculum in the new pathway of educational reform. Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital began a program of educational reform in 1998. However...

This paper exploits two unique features of China’s history to study the effects of access to internal migration: reforms to the household registration (hukou) system, and historical migration flows. We show that temporary migration due to a government policy called the “sent-down youth” (SDY) program created lasting inter-province links, so that decades later, hukou reforms in cities which sent...

FeatuReS | 63 In many nations today, the state has little capability to implement even basic functions such as security, policing, regulation, or core service delivery. Enhancing this capability, especially in fragile states, is a long-term task.2 As we document in this article, countries such as Haiti and Liberia will take many decades to reach even a moderate capability country such as India,...

A large number of states adopted tort reforms in the mid-1980s to limit the dramatic surge in insurance losses and premiums. Evidence based on liability insurance data by state indicates that these reforms substantially infiuenced general liability insurance. The levels of losses, premiums, and loss ratios (a measure of insurance profitability) all reflected the impact of the reforms. The large...

We simultaneously analyze two mechanisms of the managerial labor market (CEO turnover and remuneration schemes) in two different regulatory regimes, namely before and after the sweeping governance reforms adopted in the UK in the 1990s. We employ sample selection models to examine firms in a pre-Cadbury Code period (1988-1993) and a post-Combined Code period (1998-2004). CEOs’ compensation and ...

The central role of legal reforms in sustaining economic growth and financial development is widely recognized in India. Exactly what elements of the legal system affect the financial system and how, are less clear. We review the recent literature on law and finance and assess the state of India’s legal and judicial system as well as that of its financial system, particularly relative to the re...

With the introduction of quasimarket principles in the mid-1990s, the German social service sector faced several challenges from above (the state), within (the organizations), and outside (new competitors and “players”). Within the social services, considerable differences prevail between subsectors; although all reforms have been oriented at the principle of (quasi)markets, the governance arra...

Korea, the land of morning calm, and the People’s Republic of China, known as the sleeping dragon in the East, shares several commonalities. They not only share the same continent, but also value similar eastern cultures that strongly inherited by the Confucianism from a single ancient ancestor. Not only that, they both received their nursing traditions from European and the American missionari...

Land reforms may be categorised broadly as either redistributive reforms, which change the patterns of land distribution and occupation, or land tenure reforms, which change tenurial relations between land owners and users without necessarily altering land distribution. ii In sub-Saharan Africa the principal approaches have been tenure reform through the introduction of individual leasehold or ...