Fear can be considered as a functional defense behavior to protect living beings against dangerous situation. In our studies we have investigated the fear behavior in rats in elevated plus maze .The increase in two parameters percent of open arm entries (%OAE) and percent of time spent in the open arms (% OAT) and decrease in the percent of time spent in closed arm (%CAT) was considered as fear...

Fear can be considered as a functional defense behavior to protect living beings against dangerous situation. In our studies we have investigated the fear behavior in rats in elevated plus maze .The increase in two parameters percent of open arm entries (%OAE) and percent of time spent in the open arms (% OAT) and decrease in the percent of time spent in closed arm (%CAT) was considered as fear...

Arginine-phenylalanine-amide (RFamide)-related peptides known as neuropeptide VF (NPVF) have a crucial role in feeding regulation. The present study purposed to determine the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection NPVF on dietary intake and possible interactions with glutamate opioid systems broiler chicken. In experiment 1, chickens received ICV administration control solution, (16 ...

Intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was previously found to produce a long-lasting, dose-dependent (0.1-1.0 microgram) increase in the amplitude of the acoustic startle reflex. The present study sought to determine where in the CNS CRF acts to increase startle. Intracisternal infusion of CRF (0.1-1.0 microgram) increased startle with a time course and ...

Sixteen patients aged between one day to 18 years with Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve were studied with ultrasound. The findings were compared with a group of 74 patients without Ebstein's malformation. Two features were considered specific for Ebstein's malformation: 1) ability to record the anterior tricuspid leaflet (ATL) farther to the left of the left sternal border than in ...

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH II), which plays a crucial role in the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates, markedly reduces food intake in goldfish. However, the neurochemical pathways involved in the anorexigenic action of GnRH II and its interaction with other neuropeptides have not yet been identified. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulatin...

This study was designed to determine the roles of the sympathetic nervous system, adrenal medulla, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in mediating pressor and plasma activity (PRA) responses to intraventricularly (ICV) administered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in conscious rats. The ICV PGE2 elevated blood pressure and caused increases in PRA, plasma AVP, and plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. The p...

OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern of anticoagulation control for post heart-valve surgery for patients on follow up at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). DESIGN A combined prospective and restrospective hospital-based study. Retrospective period from January 1991 to 31st August 1997, while the prospective period was from 1st September 1997 to 31st November 1999. SETTING Cardiothoracic surge...

To evaluate the impact of influenza C (ICV) infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), all of the children consecutively seen during 4 influenza seasons with respiratory symptoms and radiographically confirmed CAP were prospectively evaluated. ICV was identified in the respiratory secretions of five of 391 patients (1·3%). In children with ICV-associated CAP, clinical data w...

OBJECTIVE We first tested the brain reserve (BR) hypothesis in multiple sclerosis (MS) by examining whether larger maximal lifetime brain volume (MLBV; determined by genetics) protects against disease-related cognitive impairment, and then investigated whether cognitive reserve (CR) gained through life experience (intellectually enriching leisure activities) protects against cognitive decline i...