The resurrection plant Reaumuria soongorica is widespread across Asia, southern Europe, and North Africa and is considered to be a constructive keystone species in desert ecosystems, but the impacts of climate change on this species in desert ecosystems are unclear. Here, the morphological responses of R. soongorica to changes in rainfall quantity (30% reduction and 30% increase in rainfall qua...

The joint replenishment problem has been extensively studied and the strategy adopted by a large variety of retailers in recent years. However, under minimum order quantity other constraints does not receive sufficient attention. This paper analyzes retailing supply chain involving supplier that provides discount schedules limits quantity. include requirements for each item as to total quantity...

A framework of distributed interval observers is introduced for fractional-order multiagent systems in the presence nonlinearity. First, a frame was designed to construct upper and lower bounds system state. By using monotone theory, positivity error dynamics could be ensured, which implies that trap original Second, sufficient condition applied guarantee boundedness observers. Then, an extensi...

We consider extended Pirogov-Sinai models including lattice and continuum particle systems with Kac potentials. Calling λ an intensive variable conjugate to an extensive quantity α appearing in the Hamiltonian via the additive term −λα, we prove that if a Pirogov-Sinai phase transition with order parameter α occurs at λ = 0, then this is the only point in an interval of values of λ centered at ...

A manufacturing inventory model with shortages with carrying cost, shortage cost, setup cost and demand quantity as imprecise numbers, instead of real numbers, namely interval number is considered here. First, a brief survey of the existing works on comparing and ranking any two interval numbers on the real line is presented. A common algorithm for the optimum production quantity (Economic lot-...

The demand pattern for most perishable products varies during their life cycle in the market. These variations must be properly reflected in inventory management in order to prevent unnecessary stock-out or excess inventory with associated increase in cost. In this paper, a multi-period economic order quantity (EOQ) model for managing the inventory of perishable items having varying demand patt...

In this paper, an inventory model for two-stage supply chain is investigated. A supply chain with single vendor and single buyer is considered. We assume that shortage as a backorder is allowed for the buyer and the vendor makes the production set up every time the buyer places an order and supplies on a lot for lot basis. With these assumptions, the joint economic lot size model is introduced ...

This paper considers the basic economic order quantity (EOQ) model when all parameters, such as the demand rate, the ordering cost, and the inventory holding cost, are uncertain, and furthermore, their probability information is also unknown. To address the uncertainty, we adopt a robustness-based approach. In this approach, each unknown parameter is described as a continuous value restricted t...