Volume holographic optical disc (VHOD) technology is simpler than the angular multiplexing holographic system. However, disc rotation usually causes pixel migration, thus reducing signal quality. This study proposes a special geometrical arrangement to counteract pixel migration. Using paraxial approximation analysis, an optimal geometrical distance ratio, K, is calculated to compensate for pix...

INTRODUCTION Degeneration of the intervertebral discs cause discogenic low back pain and limited mobility. Current surgical treatments include spine fusion, which eliminates pain but does not restore disc function, or implantation of synthetic disc prostheses. However, these materials face challenges in fixation, mechanical strength and loosing of the implant [1]. Tissue engineering strategies ...

Disc brakes have evolved over time to be a reliable method of decelerating and stopping a vehicle. There have been different designs of disc brake systems for different applications. This review gives a detailed description of different geometries of the components and the materials used in a disc brake system. In spite of all the improvements, there are still many operational issues related to...

Study Design Human herniated discs were obtained from discectomy specimens for the immunohistochemical detection of O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAcase (OGA)/O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Purpose This study aimed to quantify the extent of O-GlcNAcylation and its associated enzymes (OGT/OGA) in human degenerated intervertebral discs. Overview of Literature The O-GlcNAcylation of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and...

Cervical spine disorders such as spondylotic radiculopathy and myelopathy are often related to osteophyte formation. Bone remodeling experimental-analytical studies have correlated biomechanical responses such as stress and strain energy density to the formation of bony outgrowth. Using these responses of the spinal components, the present study was conducted to investigate the basis for the oc...

Low back pain with resultant loss of function, decreased productivity, and high economic costs is burdensome for both the individual and the society. Evidence suggests that intervertebral disc pathology is a major contributor to spine-related pain and degeneration. When commonly used conservative therapies fail, traditional percutaneous or surgical options may be beneficial for pain relief but ...

Low back pain is a leading cause of morbidity in developed societies and is strongly linked to degeneration of the intervertebral disc. The central nucleus pulposus (NP) region is most severely affected during disc degeneration and, consequently, is a focus for novel cell-based regenerative strategies. However, in order to develop such techniques, it is essential to first understand the biology...

AIM The intervertebral disc starts to degenerate when a human being begins to stand and learn to walk. It is known that many extrinsic, intrinsic and genetic factors play a role in disc degeneration. In this study, we examined whether the matrix metalloproteinase 11 might be associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-six patients with lumbar disc herniations ...

Objectives: To establish a slowly progressive, reproducible rat model of disc degeneration and investigate the relationship between MRI and histology in the long-term progression of disc degeneration. Materials and methods: The intervertebral discs of caudal spine in rats were punctured laterally, using 20-gauge sterile needles, 5 mm depth from the skin to the middle of the appropriate disc. Th...

Posterior fixation of intervertebral discs is used to treat, and occasionally diagnose, discogenic pain since it is thought that it will reduce the internal loading of the discs in vitro. We measured the internal loading of ten intervertebral discs using stress profilometry under simulated physiological loads and then after posterior fixation. Partial discectomies were performed to simulate adv...