Integrated applications for solar energy production becomes increasingly important. The electrification of car bodies and building facades are only two prominent examples. In such shading a challenging problem, since the classic serial interconnection cells in terms power output is highly vulnerable to partial shading. this article, we investigate three most common module layouts market (conven...

The layout design to improve uniform ESD current distribution in multi-finger MOSFET devices for better ESD robustness is investigated in a 0.18-μm salicided CMOS process. The multi-finger MOSFET, without adding the pick-up guard ring inserted into its source region, or with the vertical direction of power line connection, can sustain a higher ESD level. The layout of I/O cell can be drawn more...

New technologies present a widely range of challenges in the design of standard-cell libraries, layout generation and validation of macro-blocks. Thus, the development of new tools being able to deal with these challenges is mandatory. This work presents a transistor placement technique using genetic algorithm associated to analytical programming. The genetic algorithm is used to reduce the sea...

We introduce a concept in VLSI layout which can nd applications in submicron design, quantum devices, and designing new ne-grain FPGAs. This concept is called Lattice Structure and it extends the concepts from [8] and [1,13,14,17,18]. In the regular arrangement of cells, every cell is connected to 4, 6 or 8 neighbors and to vertical, horizontal and diagonal buses. Methods for expanding arbitrar...

Cellular Manufacturing (CM) has been emerged as a strong approach for improving operations in batch and job shop environments. In cellular manufacturing, Cell formation, static layouts, dynamic layouts are the prime areas for achieving the optimal cellular layout for any problems. In this paper it is decided to review the recent research work in this particular area and to project the effective...


 In mobile networks, such as fifth generation (5G), the appealing characteristics of small cells, like easy deployment, affordable, and low power usage, have led to improvement Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) technique. HetNet, restricted resources are usually shared by that in turns results an interference issue challenges. The latter may be regarded main barrier for appropriate HetNet pe...

Intra-cell travel is a difficult topic in zone-based demand models. In the past, different strategies were applied to approximate average intra-cell distances by using zone size, diameter, neighbors and other techniques. this work we examine new approach which uses address coordinates high performance routing program achieve more accurate results. We apply our method three zoning schemes for ci...