OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors, etiology and management of ischemic stroke in young adults in a South Asian population. METHODS Retrospective study conducted at a large tertiary hospital in Karachi. One hundred and eighteen patients between fifteen and forty-five years admitted over a five year period with a diagnosis of ischemic infarct constituted the study population. The study variab...

These are a group of congenital malformations that involve the cranial cavity and the central nervous system.The Dandy-Walker variant is the commonest posterior fossa malformation, while craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures causing abnormal shape of the head. They present with hydrocephalus and features of increased intracranial pressure, thus, the goal...

Epignathus or oropharyngeal teratomas are extremely rare congenital neoplasms that arise from the oral cavity or pharynx. Teratomas commonly occur in sacrococcygeal region. However, less than 5% occur in the head and neck. Malignant teratomas account 5%-30% of all teratomas. We present an unusual case of immatureoropharyngeal teratoma that arises from sphenoid with intracranial extension, in a ...

Introduction Preterm very low birth weight babies are at high risk of brain injury. Despite improvement in mortality rates the morbidity from brain injury in these babies remains high. Whilst some of the brain injury is bound up in the causation of their prematurity and is therefore antenatal in origin there remains a percentage that suffer from postnatally acquired brain injury. These babies a...

In neurosurgery, brain shift, usually caused by the gravity or the changes of intra-cranial pressure, is the main factor to affect the accuracy of tumor removal. To deal with this problem, an imageguided surgery system which corrects the brain shift from the preoperative CT images by using intra-operative ultrasound images is presented. First, with reconstructing 2-D free-hand ultrasound images...